TABLE 3.
Effect sizes and P values for planned subgroup analyses
| Variable | Subgroup level (N comparisons) | Effect size, Hedges' g (95% CI)1 | P for total between-subgroup heterogeneity2 | Q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Form of variety | Across meals (N = 3) | –0.363 (–1.224, 0.498) | 0.062 (0.372) | 5.575 |
| Between courses (N = 10) | 0.651 (0.342, 0.960)*** | |||
| Within a course (N = 26) | 0.377 (0.215, 0.539)*** | |||
| Test foods | Fruits & vegetables (N = 8) | 0.516 (0.069, 0.963)* | 0.689 (4.134) | 0.160 |
| Other food groups (N = 27) | 0.419 (0.260, 0.578)*** | |||
| No. sensory components | Multiple (N = 32) | 0.447 (0.277, 0.618)*** | 0.059 (0.354) | 3.562 |
| Single (N = 7) | 0.192 (–0.012, 0.395) | |||
| Age | Children (N = 10) | 0.364 (0.090, 0.639)** | 0.715 (4.290) | 0.672 |
| Adults (N = 22) | 0.407 (0.182, 0.632)*** | |||
| Older adults (N = 7) | 0.501 (0.285, 0.718)*** | |||
| Sex | Male (N = 5) | 0.291 (0.074, 0.507)** | 0.101 (0.606) | 2.691 |
| Female (N = 9) | 0.584 (0.308, 0.860)*** | |||
| Body weight | Overweight (N = 2) | 0.861 (–0.540, 2.263) | 0.845 (5.070) | 0.337 |
| Lean (N = 2) | 0.424 (–0.049, 0.896) | |||
| Underweight (N = 1) | 0.459 (–0.402, 1.320) |
1
Effect size reported for each subgroup level; asterisk indicates statistical significance (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
2
P value reported for mixed-effects analysis; Bonferroni-corrected P included in brackets.