Table 3.
Cross‐sectional area measurements
| Measurement (cm2) | Cryotherapy intervention (n = 31) | Eccentric exercise vibration training (n = 30) | Intra‐subject effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time P‐value | Treatment × time P‐value | |||
| CSA at rest 0 cm | 0.001* | 0.013* | ||
| Baseline | 77.82 ± 29.4 | 80.77 ± 23.3 | ||
| 4 weeks | 83.38 ± 28.9 | 85.53 ± 24.0 | ||
| 12 weeks | 90.35 ± 34.7 | 100.88 ± 32.9 | ||
| CSA contraction 0 cm | 0.001* | 0.002* | ||
| Baseline | 86.07 ± 34.4 | 85.47 ± 25.9 | ||
| 4 weeks | 91.59 ± 33.7 | 93.27 ± 27.9 | ||
| 12 weeks | 97.87 ± 38.4 | 109.30 ± 36.5 | ||
| CSA at rest 2 cm | 0.001* | 0.003* | ||
| Baseline | 171.32 ± 69.6 | 173.78 ± 58.4 | ||
| 4 weeks | 178.88 ± 70.6 | 183.91 ± 60.4 | ||
| 12 weeks | 187.84 ± 80.2 | 213.25 ± 80.8 | ||
| CSA contraction 2 cm | 0.001* | 0.006* | ||
| Baseline | 172.88 ± 65.9 | 174.74 ± 52.9 | ||
| 4 weeks | 184.71 ± 71.8 | 189.23 ± 54.8 | ||
| 12 weeks | 195.90 ± 80.8 | 223.58 ± 81.6 | ||
| CSA at rest 4 cm | 0.001* | 0.001* | ||
| Baseline | 193.51 ± 79.5 | 192.62 ± 59.8 | ||
| 4 weeks | 202.52 ± 77.7 | 206.04 ± 65.6 | ||
| 12 weeks | 210.83 ± 83.6 | 233.35 ± 81.2 | ||
| CSA contraction 4 cm | 0.001* | 0.005* | ||
| Baseline | 192.21 ± 70.0 | 190.54 ± 48.8 | ||
| 4 weeks | 207.13 ± 75.0 | 210.22 ± 60.4 | ||
| 12 weeks | 218.65 ± 84.9 | 241.62 ± 78.0 | ||
| CSA at rest 6 cm | 0.001* | 0.015* | ||
| Baseline | 216.37 ± 86.0 | 224.75 ± 72.7 | ||
| 4 weeks | 225.00 ± 87.0 | 237.06 ± 79.3 | ||
| 12 weeks | 236.19 ± 93.0 | 263.92 ± 88.5 | ||
| CSA contraction 6 cm | 0.001* | 0.019* | ||
| Baseline | 212.94 ± 79.6 | 212.79 ± 61.4 | ||
| 4 weeks | 225.71 ± 84.0 | 231.64 ± 66.6 | ||
| 12 weeks | 238.75 ± 91.3 | 263.19 ± 80.1 | ||
| CSA difference contraction: at rest 0 cm | 0.144 | 0.143 | ||
| Baseline | 8.25 ± 8.1 | 4.70 ± 8.4 | ||
| 4 weeks | 8.21 ± 6.6 | 7.73 ± 7.1 | ||
| 12 weeks | 7.52 ± 5.1 | 8.42 ± 7.0 | ||
| CSA difference contraction: at rest 2 cm | 0.001* | 0.585 | ||
| Baseline | 1.56 ± 17.5 | 0.96 ± 24.2 | ||
| 4 weeks | 5.83 ± 15.6 | 5.32 ± 9.7 | ||
| 12 weeks | 8.06 ± 12.3 | 10.33 ± 18.5 | ||
| CSA difference contraction: at rest 4 cm | 0.002* | 0.930 | ||
| Baseline | −1.30 ± 26.7 | −2.08 ± 22.9 | ||
| 4 weeks | 4.61 ± 17.2 | 4.19 ± 16.8 | ||
| 12 weeks | 7.83 ± 11.0 | 8.27 ± 20.1 | ||
| CSA difference contraction: at rest 6 cm | 0.021* | 0.543 | ||
| Baseline | −3.43 ± 27.4 | −11.96 ± 29.5 | ||
| 4 weeks | 0.72 ± 17.7 | −5.41 ± 20.5 | ||
| 12 weeks | 2.56 ± 13.1 | −0.73 ± 20.4 | ||
Abbreviation: CSA, cross‐sectional area.
Values are mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated.
*
P‐value statistically significant differences.