TABLE 1. Estimated annual average current electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among U.S. workers,* by selected characteristics — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2017–2018.
| Characteristic | Estimated no. of workers† (x1,000) | Current e-cigarette users |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated no. (x1,000) | Prevalence (95% CI) | Daily users, % (95% CI) | Using combustible tobacco,¶ % (95% CI) | ||
|
Total
|
156,306
|
5,312
|
3.4 (3.1–3.7)
|
43.1 (39.3–46.9)
|
49.5 (45.5–53.4)
|
|
Age group, yrs
| |||||
| 18–24 |
18,781 |
1,364 |
7.3 (6.0–8.6) |
35.1 (26.5–43.6) |
35.8 (27.5–44.1) |
| 25–44 |
69,089 |
2,675 |
3.9 (3.5–4.3) |
45.4 (40.4–50.4) |
54.0 (48.9–59.0) |
| 45–64 |
59,267 |
1,174 |
2.0 (1.7–2.3) |
45.1 (37.9–52.3) |
55.6 (48.2–62.9) |
| ≥65 |
9,169 |
100 |
1.1 (0.7–1.5) |
67.8 (50.9–84.7) |
43.6 (25.3–61.9) |
|
Sex
| |||||
| Male |
82,404 |
3,352 |
4.1 (3.7–4.5) |
46.2 (41.3–51.0) |
50.1 (45.1–55.2) |
| Female |
73,902 |
1,961 |
2.7 (2.3–3.0) |
37.9 (31.8–44.0) |
48.3 (41.9–54.7) |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| |||||
| Hispanic |
26,629 |
615 |
2.3 (1.7–2.9) |
28.3 (16.7–39.9) |
46.5 (32.9–60.1) |
| White, non-Hispanic |
99,006 |
3,990 |
4.0 (3.7–4.4) |
45.1 (40.9–49.4) |
49.6 (45.4–53.8) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
18,628 |
425 |
2.3 (1.7–2.9) |
45.0 (31.0–59.1) |
53.5 (37.5–67.8) |
| Other |
12,043 |
282 |
2.3 (1.6–3.1) |
44.0 (27.1–60.9) |
47.9 (30.4–65.3) |
|
Education
| |||||
| ≤High school/GED |
46,215 |
2,185 |
4.7 (4.2–5.3) |
45.7 (39.2–52.3) |
52.5 (45.8–59.3) |
| >High school |
109,517 |
3,127 |
2.9 (2.6–3.1) |
41.3 (36.8–45.8) |
47.3 (42.6–52.1) |
| Unknown |
574 |
—** |
— |
— |
— |
|
Family income
| |||||
| <$35,000 |
26,002 |
1,267 |
4.9 (4.2–5.6) |
41.2 (34.5–48.0) |
54.6 (47.8–61.3) |
| $35,000–$74,999 |
41,606 |
1,602 |
3.9 (3.3–4.4) |
47.5 (41.0–54.1) |
54.3 (47.9–60.8) |
| ≥$75,000 |
76,734 |
2,089 |
2.7 (2.4–3.1) |
44.0 (37.4–50.7) |
45.2 (38.6–51.7) |
| Unknown |
11,964 |
355 |
3.0 (1.7–4.2) |
24.4 (9.2–39.6) |
34.8 (16.1–53.5) |
|
Health insurance status
| |||||
| Not insured |
17,206 |
859 |
5.0 (4.1–6.0) |
42.2 (33.5–50.9) |
55.3 (45.7–64.9) |
| Insured |
138,201 |
4,379 |
3.2 (2.9–3.4) |
43.7 (39.6–47.9) |
48.2 (43.8–52.6) |
| Unknown |
899 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
U.S. Census region††
| |||||
| Northeast |
28,150 |
658 |
2.3 (1.8–2.8) |
48.4 (38.0–58.7) |
50.8 (41.2–60.4) |
| Midwest |
35,277 |
1,344 |
3.8 (3.3–4.4) |
43.7 (36.0–51.4) |
53.0 (46.3–59.7) |
| South |
55,574 |
2,084 |
3.8 (3.3–4.2) |
42.4 (36.8–47.9) |
51.0 (44.5–57.5) |
| West |
37,306 |
1,227 |
3.3 (2.7–3.9) |
40.9 (31.9–49.9) |
42.2 (33.3–51.2) |
|
Cigarette smoking status§§
| |||||
| Current |
21,040 |
2,286 |
10.9 (9.8–12.0) |
26.6 (19.6–33.6) |
— |
| Former |
29,951 |
2,045 |
6.8 (6.0–7.7) |
65.8 (59.9–71.7) |
— |
| Never |
104,866 |
981 |
0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
12.5 (4.0–21.1) |
— |
| Unknown |
449 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Other combustible tobacco use
¶¶
| |||||
| Yes |
7,784 |
813 |
10.4 (8.7–12.2) |
30.2 (21.9–38.4) |
— |
| No |
148,097 |
4,492 |
3.0 (2.8–3.3) |
45.5 (41.4–49.6) |
— |
| Unknown |
427 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Smokeless tobacco use*** | |||||
| Yes |
4,102 |
299 |
7.3 (5.2–9.3) |
44.3 (30.3–58.4) |
5.6 (4.0–7.2) |
| No |
151,784 |
5,013 |
3.3 (3.0–3.6) |
43.0 (39.1–47.0) |
2.5 (2.3–2.8) |
| Unknown |
420 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
|
Self-rated health
†††
| |||||
| Excellent/Very good/Good |
147,048 |
4,850 |
3.3 (3.0–3.6) |
43.2 (39.2–47.2) |
48.7 (44.6–52.7) |
| Poor/Fair |
9,223 |
458 |
5.0 (3.7–6.2) |
42.0 (28.8–55.1) |
58.2 (45.8–70.7) |
| Unknown | 35 | — | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; e-cigarettes = electronic cigarettes; GED = General Education Development certificate.
* Adults who were “working at a job or business,” “with a job or business but not at work,” or “working, but not for pay, at a family-owned job or business” during the week before the interview.
† Weighted to provide national annual average population estimates for current employment.
§ Used e-cigarettes at least once during their lifetime and used e-cigarettes “every day” or “some days” at the time of the survey.
¶ Combustible tobacco users were defined as persons who used either “every day” or “some days” at least one combustible tobacco product: cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, filtered little cigars, pipes, water pipes, or hookahs (for cigarettes, users were defined as persons who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes during their lifetime and smoked “every day” or “some days” at the time of the survey).
** Small sample sizes or prevalence estimates with a relative standard error ≥30% are not presented.
†† Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
§§ Cigarette smokers were defined as persons who reported smoking ≥100 cigarettes during their lifetime and who currently smoke every day or some days.
¶¶ Cigars, cigarillos, or little filtered cigars, or smoked tobacco in a regular pipe, water pipe, or hookah at least once during their lifetime and now smoked at least one of these products “every day” or “some days.”
*** Using chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, snus, or dissolvable tobacco at least once during their lifetime and now used at least one of these products “every day” or “some days.”
††† Perceived self-reported health categorized on the basis of the response to the question “Would you say your health in general is excellent, good, fair, or poor?”