Table 1.
Clinical studies addressing neonatal Ureaplasma exposure and potentially associated neurological morbidities
| Study (year) | Study type | Infants total, n | GA, weeks | Patients Ureaplasma POS, n | Sample | Methods | Clinical characteristics (Ureaplasma NEG vs. Ureaplasma POS) (significance) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kirchner et al. [28] (2007) | Single center, retrospective cohort | 48 | 24–32 | 12 | Amniotic fluid | Culture | IVH °III–IV: 3.4 vs. 12.5 (ns) |
| Goldenberg et al. [6] (2008) | Single center, retrospective cohort | 351 | 23–32 | 61 | Cord blood | Culture | IVH °III–IV: 6.6 vs. 8.8 (ns) PVL: 2.3 vs. 3.8 (ns) |
| Viscardi et al. [8] (2008) | Single center, prospective cohort | 313 | <33 | 74 | Blood | PCR | IVH all: 42 vs. 54 (p = 0.092) IVH °III–IV: 12 vs. 24 (p = 0.039) PVL: 7 vs. 9 (ns) |
| CSF | PCR | IVH all: 49 vs. 44 (ns) IVH °III–IV: 16 vs. 6 (ns) PVL: 7 vs. 3 (ns) |
|||||
| Berger et al. [26] (2009) | Single center, prospective cohort | 114 | 23–33 | 32 | Amniotic fluid Amniotic membranes | Culture | IVH: 22.4 vs. 25 (ns) PVL: 1.5 vs. 12.5 (ns) Abnormal 2YNDO: 9.7 vs. 37.9 (p = 0.003) |
| Fonseca et al. [27] (2011) | Single center, prospective cohort | 95 | ≤32 | 12 | Blood | PCR | IVH °III–IV: 15.7 vs. 16.7 (ns) |
| Kasper et al. [22] (2011) | Single center, prospective cohort | 257 | <34 | 85 | Amniotic fluid Placenta Amniotic membranes |
PCR Culture |
IVH: 8.9 vs. 18.5 (p = 0.032) IVH °III–IV: 0.0 vs. 4.9 (p = 0.013) PVL: 5.1 vs. 7.4 (ns) |
| Rodriguez-Trujillo et al. [23] (2016) | Single center, prospective cohort | 190 | >24 | 37 | Amniotic fluid | Culture | IVH °III–IV: 9 vs. 8 (ns) PVL: 0 vs. 0% (ns) |
| Cobo et al. [24] (2017) | Single center, prospective cohort | 228 | 22–36 | 22 | Amniotic fluid | Culture | IVH °III–IV: 3 vs. 4 (ns) |
| Glaser et al. [7] (2019) | Single center, prospective cohort | 103 | <30 | 40 | Cord blood Nasopharyngeal swabs | PCR Culture |
IVH °III–IV: 27 vs. 28 (ns) PVL: 18 vs. 14 (ns) |
| Takakura et al. [25] (2019) | Single center, retrospective cohort | 38 | 22–33 | 5 | Amniotic fluid | Culture | IVH °III–IV: 8 vs. 0 (ns) PVL: 8 vs. 0 (ns) |
Studies with maternal Ureaplasma therapy or without direct comparison between exposed and nonexposed infants were not included. CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GA, gestational age; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; NEG, negative; ns, not significant; POS, positive; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; 2YNDO, neurodevelopmental outcome after 2 years.