Figure 1.

Means and SDs of sub‐epidermal moisture (SEM)‐Δ values, calculated as a difference between SEM measurement device readings at the reference sample (loaded with 1 mL water) and test sample (loaded with 2, 3, or 4 mL water) for the heel phantom A, and for the skull/face phantom at the left cheek B, and the chin C, (left column). Images of the corresponding experimental phantom models and measurement technique are shown in the right column. The statistically significant differences marked by asterisks on the bar graphs were P < .001 for all the phantom test types (A, B, C). R, reference samples; T, test