Figure 3.

Antioxidant stress effects of curcumin. Curcumin increases the antioxidant capacity by increasing the Nrf2, DNMT and GSH levels, and by upregulating T-AOC and SOD expression. Curcumin may also reduce the levels of LOX, XOD, PKC and catalase, and downregulate the MDA levels to decrease the level of oxidative stress. Nrf2, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; GSH, glutathione; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide dismutase; LOX, lipoxygenase; XOD, xanthine oxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; PKC, protein kinase C; ROS, reactive oxygen species.