Table 2.
Medians und interquartile ranges of skin function parameters on sacral and right heel skin areas (n = 15)
| Sacral skin area | Right heel | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | After 2 h | After 2 h and 20 min | Difference 2 h—baseline | Baseline | After 2 h | After 2 h and 20 min | Difference 2 h—baseline | |
| TEWL in g/m 2 /h | ||||||||
| Air | 7.8 (6.7‐8.8) | 12.4 (11.5‐15.2) | 8.0 (7.0‐8.6) | 5.3 (−0.1‐6.8) | 8.1 (7.6‐10.9) | 19.5 (16.6‐25.3) | 9.6 (9.0‐11.2) | 12.3 (8.0‐17.0) |
| Gel | 7.7 (6.7‐8.2) | 10.4 (8.5‐12.2) | 7.6 (6.4‐8.6) | 3.3 (1.8‐4.3) | 9.4 (8.2‐11.6) | 19.2 (16.3‐23.3) | 10.4 (8.9‐13.3) | 9.3 (7.5‐13.1) |
| Foam | 7.1 (6.8‐8.8) | 14.5 (9.3‐20.5) | 8.0 (6.8‐9.0) | 6.2 (2.6‐12.6) | 8.6 (7.4‐12.1) | 28.4 (15.9‐32.3) | 11.1 (9.9‐14.8) | 17.6 (8.1‐20.4) |
| P‐value | — | — | — | 0.105 | — | — | — | 0.155 |
| TEWL adjusted to 30° in g/m 2 /h | ||||||||
| Air | 8.2 (7.6‐9.6) | 10.8 (10.2‐13.5) | 7.6 (7.0‐8.3) | 3.4 (−0.8‐4.9) | 13.6 (12.1‐16.2) | 29.3 (21.3‐37.6) | 14.6 (12.2‐16.2) | 12.5 (10.1‐19.4) |
| Gel | 8.1 (7.2‐9.2) | 9.6 (8.5‐11.6) | 7.7 (6.7‐8.7) | 1.5 (0.4‐2.8) | 14.5 (9.2‐16.5) | 27.2 (25.1‐33.6) | 15.2 (13.8‐19.4) | 14.3 (10.4‐21.3) |
| Foam | 8.1 (7.3‐8.9) | 12.2 (8.1‐17.6) | 7.7 (6.7‐8.3) | 4.1 (0.4‐8.6) | 16.0 (11.7‐18.1) | 34.2 (22.2‐38.1) | 16.4 (14.1‐19.6) | 16.5 (9.6‐22.7) |
| P‐value | — | — | — | 0.189 | — | — | — | 0.627 |
| Temperature in °C | ||||||||
| Air | 28.8 (28.2‐29.2) | 31.4 (31.3‐32.0) | 30.3 (29.8‐30.6) | 2.8 (2.1‐3.2) | 24.4 (24.1‐25.2) | 26.5 (25.4‐26.9) | 25.4 (24.9‐26.0) | 1.4 (0.8‐2.5) |
| Gel | 28.9 (28.3‐29.2) | 30.7 (30.5‐31.3) | 29.4 (29.2‐30.1) | 2.3 (1.8‐2.7) | 25.2 (24.3‐25.4) | 25.5 (24.7‐26.2) | 25.2 (23.8‐25.4) | 0.4 (−0.40‐0.9) |
| Foam | 29.1 (28.1‐29.8) | 32.0 (31.3‐32.2) | 30.3 (29.8‐31.1) | 3.1 (2.3‐3.8) | 24.3 (23.3‐25.4) | 26.6 (25.5‐27.3) | 25.9 (24.9‐26.6) | 1.7 (1.1‐3.4) |
| P‐value | — | — | — | 0.002 | — | — | — | < 0.001 |
| Erythema index in AU | ||||||||
| Air | 188 (164‐224) | 220 (185‐251) | 201 (178‐234) | 18 (1‐64) | 195 (132‐225) | 247 (147‐279) | 232 (146‐246) | 32 (5‐67) |
| Gel | 177 (143‐211) | 206 (153‐238) | 194 (147‐219) | 21 (4‐48) | 178 (143‐251) | 226 (160‐273) | 189 (143‐236) | 22 (8‐66) |
| Foam | 167 (151‐194) | 236 (191‐275) | 221 (198‐240) | 61 (17‐104) | 186 (117‐235) | 225 (184‐291) | 227 (144‐247) | 46 (22‐94) |
| P‐value | — | — | — | 0.074 | — | — | — | 0.319 |
| SCH in AU | ||||||||
| Air | 27.2 (19.7‐34.7) | 34.6 (25.3‐40.4) | 29.3 (25.6‐35.9) | 5.6 (2.6‐7.4) | 13.3 (8.3‐19.2) | 18.0 (13.9‐23.4) | 14.4 (10.7‐22.1) | 4.5 (1.0‐5.4) |
| Gel | 23.8 (19.5‐35.8) | 29.8 (22.0‐40.0) | 27.4 (22.7‐36.4) | 4.8 (0.0‐6.7) | 13.6 (9.3‐21.1) | 17.9 (12.5‐23.4) | 12.9 (8.3‐19.2) | 4.5 (2.7‐6.4) |
| Foam | 27.5 (25.1‐36.2) | 31.6 (26.1‐42.5) | 30.1 (23.9‐39.6) | 3.0 (−1.6‐5.8) | 12.9 (8.7‐17.8) | 20.2 (14.5‐24.6) | 15.3 (10.8‐17.8) | 5.9 (2.5‐9.3) |
| P‐value | — | — | — | 1.000 | — | — | — | 0.247 |
| Moisture in % | ||||||||
| Air | 41.0 (39.6‐43.6) | 44.5 (42.5‐48.5) | 44.5 (43.0‐46.0) | 3.0 (1.9‐5.1) | 25.5 (21.5‐29.0) | 28.0 (25.0‐32.0) | 25.5 (22.5‐30.0) | 3.0 (1.0‐5.0) |
| Gel | 40.0 (36.5‐42.0) | 41.5 (40.5‐47.5) | 42.5 (39.5‐46.5) | 4.0 (1.0‐6.5) | 25.5 (21.5‐30.0) | 25.5 (25.0‐27.5) | 25.5 (23.5‐28.0) | 2.5 (−3.0‐4.5) |
| Foam | 41.0 (39.0‐47.0) | 43.5 (41.0‐49.5) | 44.0 (41.0‐48.0) | 1.0 (−0.5‐5.0) | 24.0 (21.5‐27.5) | 28.0 (27.0‐31.5) | 25.5 (23.5‐28.5) | 3.5 (0.5‐6.5) |
| P‐value | — | — | — | 0.607 | — | — | — | 0.692 |
AU, arbitrary units; SCH, stratum corneum hydration; TEWL, transepidermal water loss.