Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies to assess risk factors for surgical site infection following spinal surgery
| Study | Year | Country | Study design | Sample size | Case | control | Risk factors | NOS scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wahlsten et al. 19 | 2015 | Denmark | Cohort | 57619 | 594 | 57025 | Heart failure/previous DVT/previous PE/cancer/hypertension/diabetes/obesity/ current smoking | 8 |
| Akpinar et al. 20 | 2013 | Turkey | Case–control | 1306 | 55 | 1251 | Age/obesity/immobility/cancer/previous VTE/heart failure | 8 |
| Park et al. 21 | 2015 | Korea | Cohort | 901 | 38 | 863 | Age/lung disease/neurologic disease/cardiovascular disease/open fractures/isolated fractures/multiple fractures | 7 |
| SooHoo et al. 22 | 2013 | USA | Case–control | 57183 | 29 | 57154 | Age/lateral fractures/open fractures/diabetes | 8 |
| Pedersen et al. 23 | 2010 | Denmark | Case–control | 67469 | 1390 | 66079 | Age/diabetes/cancer/previous VTE/cardiovascular disease | 8 |
| Sen et al. 24 | 2011 | India | Case–control | 56 | 24 | 32 | Previous VTE/proximal thrombi/immobility | 7 |
| Riou et al. 25 | 2007 | Case–control | 2761 | 178 | 2582 | Age/previous VTE/diabetes/current smoking/severe injury/moderate injury/immobilisation | 8 | |
| Xu and Xu 26 | 2008 | China | Case–control | 136 | 24 | 112 | Age/previous VTE/diabetes/cardiovascular disease | 7 |
| Mantilla et al. 27 | 2003 | USA | Case–control | 232 | 116 | 116 | Previous VTE/cardiovascular disease/diabetes/current smoking | 7 |
| Wang 28 | 2013 | China | Case–control | 103 | 52 | 51 | Diabetes/hypertension/hyperlipidaemia/isolated fractures/multiple fractures | 7 |
| Long 29 | 2013 | China | Case–control | 145 | 73 | 72 | Isolated fractures/multiple fractures/hypertension/hyperlipidaemia/diabetes | 8 |
| Li and Xu 30 | 2013 | China | Case–control | 100 | 58 | 42 | Hyerlipidaemia/hypertension/diabetes/current smoking | 7 |
| Guo 31 | 2013 | China | Case–control | 180 | 98 | 82 | Hyerlipidaemia/hypertension/diabetes/current smoking | 8 |
| Huang 32 | 2014 | China | Case–control | 160 | 80 | 80 | Hyerlipidaemia/hypertension/diabetes/isolated fractures/multiple fractures/age | 8 |
| Yao 33 | 2012 | China | Case–control | 459 | 64 | 395 | Hyerlipidaemia/hypertension/diabetes | 8 |
| Yang et al. 34 | 2010 | China | Case–control | 515 | 58 | 457 | Current smoking/obesity/ | 7 |
| Wang et al. 35 | 2015 | China | Case–control | 336 | 58 | 278 | Age/hypertension/open fractures/multiple fractures | 8 |
| Hou et al. 36 | 2014 | China | Case–control | 329 | 98 | 231 | Hypertension/diabetes/failure disease/cancer/ pregnancy/hyperlipidaemia/varicose veins | 8 |
| Zhang et al. 37 | 2012 | China | Case–control | 319 | 161 | 158 | Age/previous VTE/cancer/pregnancy | 7 |
| Zhu et al. 38 | 2012 | China | Case–control | 448 | 79 | 369 | Age/current smoking/combination with trauma | 8 |
| Gu et al. 39 | 2007 | China | Case–control | 102 | 18 | 84 | Age/obesity/current smoking/alcohol consumption/varicose veins/diabetes | 8 |
| Li et al. 40 | 2014 | China | Case–control | 287 | 37 | 250 | Age/current smoking/combination with trauma | 8 |
| Yi 41 | 2011 | China | Case–control | 148 | 77 | 71 | Failure disease/diabetes/hypertension/ hyperlipidaemia/cancer | 7 |
DVT, deep venous thrombosis; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; PE, pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism.