Table 2.

Pooled estimates of risk ratios obtained from meta‐analysis of risk factors for venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of fracture below the hip

Risk factors	RR	95% Confidence interval (CI)	P value
Age (≥60 years)	1·85	1·34–2·55	0·000
Age (<60 years)	0·53	0·40–0·71	0·000
Previous smoking	1·35	0·99–1·86	0·059
Current smoking	1·23	1·07–1·41	0·004
Immobility	1·38	0·97–1·95	0·069
Pregnancy	1·09	0·42–2·80	0·864
Previous VTE	5·25	2·77–9·96	0·000
Heart failure	1·74	1·34–2·27	0·000
Hypertension	1·62	1·27–2·06	0·000
Hyperlipidaemia	2·16	1·79–2·62	0·000
Cancer	1·69	0·99–2·87	0·054
Diabetes mellitus	1·46	1·27–1·68	0·000
Obesity	1·58	1·35–1·85	0·000
Open fractures	0·97	0·74–1·27	0·0848
Isolated fractures	0·50	0·30–0·85	0·010
Multiple fractures	2·14	1·00–4·60	0·050
Varicose veins	3·07	1·12–8·47	0·030
Combination with trauma	1·22	1·05–1·41	0·628