Table 3.
Independent associated factors for foot ulcers using multivariate logistical regression (odds ratios [95% CI])
| Risk factor | Unadjusted | P value | Adjusted | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | ||||
| Acute foot trauma | 25·35 [6·57–97·85] | <0·001 | 33·03 [7·29–149·67] | <0·001 |
| Previous foot ulcer | 18·84 [7·50–47·33] | <0·001 | 22·68 [8·27–62·15] | <0·001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 3·79 [1·59–9·00] | 0·003 | 5·12 [2·01–13·05] | 0·001 |
| PAD | <0·001 | <0·001 | ||
| Nil PAD | Referent | Referent | ||
| Mild PAD | 0·23 [0·03–1·62] | 0·141 | 0·27 [0·04–1·83] | 0·177 |
| Moderate PAD | 11·47 [3·95–33·30] | <0·001 | 15·91 [4·95–51·15] | <0·001 |
| Ischaemia (critical PAD) | 3·79 [1·03–13·93] | 0·045 | 5·02 [1·24–20·24] | 0·024 |
| Past surgeon treatment | 14·79 [4·52–48·33] | <0·001 | 12·01 [3·28–43·92] | <0·001 |
| Model 1 results | Pseudo R 2:0·600 omnibus: df = 7, P < 0·001 | Missing: 7 (1·0%); H&L: P = 0·495 | Pseudo R 2: 0·622 omnibus: df = 11, P < 0·001 | Missing: 29 (4·0%); H&L: P = 0·691 |
| Model 2 | ||||
| Acute foot trauma | 18·73 [4·93–71·20] | <0·001 | 23·29 [5·27–103·04] | <0·001 |
| Previous foot ulcer | 19·85 [8·51–46·29] | <0·001 | 24·39 [9·42–63·15] | <0·001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 4·19 [1·87–9·40] | 0·001 | 5·73 [2·37–13·85] | <0·001 |
| PAD | <0·001 | <0·001 | ||
| Nil PAD | Referent | Referent | ||
| Mild PAD | 0·35 [0·07–1·85] | 0·219 | 0·38 [0·07–2·08] | 0·262 |
| Moderate PAD | 10·71 [3·88–29·60] | <0·001 | 15·37 [5·03–46·91] | <0·001 |
| Ischaemia (critical PAD) | 8·36 [2·75–25·39] | <0·001 | 10·13 [3·03–33·84] | <0·001 |
| Model 2 results | Pseudo R 2:0·544 omnibus df = 6, P <0·001 | Missing: 7 (1·0%); H&L: P = 0·869 | Pseudo R 2: 0·579 omnibus: df = 10, P < 0·001 | Missing: 29 (4·0%); H&L: P = 0·890 |
CI, confidence interval; Pseudo R 2, Nagelkerke R 2; omnibus, omnibus tests of model coefficients; df, degrees of freedom; missing, excluded missing cases; H&L, Hosmer and Lemeshow test; PAD, peripheral arterial disease.