Table 2.
Characteristics of enrolled patients at admission
| Total | DFO Remission* | No remission | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 122 | Yes (N = 46) | No (N = 76) | P value | |
| Mean age (years) | 53·3 ± 10·7 | 53·9 ± 10·3 | 53·0 ± 11·0 | 0·65 |
| Sex: male | 95 (77·9) | 37 (80·4) | 58 (76·3) | 0·59 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 38 (31·1) | 10 (21·7) | 28 (36·8) | 0·07 |
| African American | 26 (21·3) | 14 (30·4) | 12 (15·8) | |
| Asian | 3 (2·5) | 0 (0) | 3 (3·9) | |
| Hispanic | 55 (45·1) | 22 (47·8) | 33 (43·4) | |
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 115 (94·3) | 44 (95·7) | 71 (93·4) | 0·61 |
| Mean BMI | 31·9 ± 8·7 | 32·1 ± 10·0 | 31·8 ± 7·9 | 0·84 |
| History of foot ulcer | 77 (63·1) | 29 (63·0) | 48 (63·2) | 0·99 |
| History of LE amputation | 42 (34·4) | 14 (30·4) | 28 (36·8) | 0·47 |
| History of PAD | 80 (65·6) | 28 (60·9) | 52 (68·4) | 0·40 |
| Mean ABI | 1·1 ± 8·7 | 1·1 ± 0·1 | 1·1 ± 0·2 | 0·48 |
| History of Neuropathy | 113 (92·6) | 42 (91·3) | 71 (93·4) | 0·67 |
| History of Retinopathy | 47 (38·5) | 20 (43·5) | 27 (35·5) | 0·38 |
| History of Renal Disease | 51 (41·8) | 15 (32·6) | 36 (47·4) | 0·11 |
| Stage 2† | 7 (4·9) | 3 (6·5) | 4 (5·3) | |
| Stage 3 | 26 (21·3) | 9 (19·6) | 17 (22·4) | |
| Stage 4 | 5 (4·1) | 1 (2·2) | 4 (5·3) | |
| Stage 5 | 13 (10·7) | 2 (4·3) | 11 (14·5) | |
| Mean HbA1c, %, (mmol/mol) | 9·2(77) ± 2·3 | 9·6(81) ± 2·4 | 8·9(74) ± 2·2 | 0·11 |
| Mean Albumin (g/dl) | 3·3 ± 0·6 | 3·4 ± 0·5 | 3·3 ± 0·6 | 0·44 |
| Mean Prealbumin (mg/dl) | 15·1 ± 6·7 | 17·1 ± 6·6 | 14·3 ± 6·6 | 0·15 |
| Mean WBC (×109/l) | 11·6 ± 4·6 | 10·1 ± 3·7 | 12·4 ± 4·8 | 0·006 |
| Mean GFR (ml/min/1·73 m2) | 50·9 ± 16·7 | 54·8 ± 12·7 | 48·6 ± 18·5 | 0·049 |
| Mean Hb (g/dl) | 11·4 ± 3·4 | 12·1 ± 4·8 | 11·0 ± 2·1 | 0·08 |
| Mean ESR (mm/hour) | 86·2 ± 34·2 | 83·1 ± 32·6 | 88·01 ± 35·2 | 0·44 |
| Mean CRP (mg/dl) | 12·3 ± 17·9 | 12·5 ± 22·2 | 12·2 ± 14·8 | 0·94 |
| Mean depth of wound (mm) | 7·8 ± 6·9 | 6·2 ± 3·7 | 8·6 ± 8·0 | 0·40 |
| Positive PTBT | 56 (45·9) | 17 (37·0) | 39 (51·3) | 0·20 |
| Results X‐ray at admission | ||||
| No osteomyelitis | 20 (16·4) | 8 (17·4) | 12 (15·8) | 0·06 |
| Osteomyelitis | 51 (41·8) | 25 (54·3) | 26 (34·2) | |
| Indeterminate | 50 (41·0) | 13 (28·3) | 37 (48·7) | |
| Mean wound duration before admission, in days | 72 ± 204 | 103 ± 298 | 53 ± 114 | 0·19 |
| Ulcer location | ||||
| Small toes | 48 (39·3) | 18 (39·1) | 30 (39·5) | 0·22 |
| Great toe | 27 (22·1) | 14 (30·4) | 13 (17·1) | |
| Metatarsals | 34 (27·9) | 12 (26·1) | 22 (28·9) | |
| Midfoot/dorsum | 4 (3·3) | 0 (0) | 4 (5·3) | |
| Heel | 9 (7·4) | 2 (4·3) | 7 (9·2) | |
| Antibiotics before admission | 40 (32·8) | 14 (30·4) | 26 (34·2) | 0·67 |
Numbers in brackets are percentages. Numbers ± are standard deviations. ABI, ankle brachial index; BMI, body mass index; DFO, diabetic foot osteomyelitis; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin WBC, white blood count; LE, lower extremity; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; PTBT, probe to bone test.
*
Defined as healed ulcer within 12 months follow up and no re‐infection.
†
Classification of chronic kidney disease by the National Kidney Foundation.