Table 1. CMS reduced the expression of MDA while increasing that of SOD in retinal tissues of STZ-treated rats.

Group	SOD (U/mg)	MDA (umol/mg)
sham	23.15 ± 1.85	2.57 ± 0.28
STZ	8.37 ± 0.94*	7.29 ± 0.64*
STZ + DMSO	8.31 ± 0.89	7.25 ± 0.68
10 mg/kg-CMS + STZ	12.36 ± 1.18#	6.23 ± 0.71#
50 mg/kg-CMS + STZ	17.25 ± 1.64#	5.03 ± 0.38#
100 mg/kg-CMS + STZ	19.37 ± 1.85#	4.12 ± 0.51#

Notes: MDA level was detected using lipid peroxidation MDA assay and SOD was detected by WST-8 SOD assay. ^* p < 0.05 compared to the sham-operated rats, and ^# p < 0.05 compared to the rats injected with STZ + DMSO. Data were shown as mean ± standard deviation and compared using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 15 for rats upon each treatment. CMS, coumestrol; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; STZ, streptozotocin; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide.