Table 1.
Patient demographics
| Intervention (n = 219) | Control (n = 221) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Median | (IQR) | Mean | (SD) | Median | (IQR) | |
| Age years | 54 | (20·8) | 53 | (37–72) | 56 | (20·5) | 58 | (38–74) |
| Gender M/F | 126/89 | 132/82 | ||||||
| Physiological variables | ||||||||
| MAP mmHg | 94 | (23·6) | 90 | (78–107) | 93 | (22·7) | 91 | (79–107) |
| Temperature (°C) | 36·1 | (1·6) | 36·2 | (1·6) | ||||
| Heart rate | 99 | (26·4) | 95 | (26·6) | ||||
| FiO2 | 0·97 | 0·98 | ||||||
| Braden score | 12 | (4·2) | 10 | (9–14) | 12 | (3·9) | 11 | (9–15) |
| ATS | 2 | (0·7) | 1 | (1–2) | 2 | (0·8) | 1 | (1–2) |
| Apache II | 19 | 18 | (13–25) | 19·5 | 19 | (13–25) | ||
| ED admission classification | ||||||||
| Critical illness | 141 | 147 | ||||||
| Major trauma | 69 | 65 | ||||||
| Length of stay (hours) | ||||||||
| ED | 6 | (4) | 4 | (3–7) | 6 | (4) | 5 | (3–8) |
| OR | 4 | (2) | 3 | (2–4) | 5 | (4) | 4 | (2–7) |
| ICU | 91 | (112) | 49 | (29–98) | 86 | (101) | 47 | (25–95) |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||||||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | |||||
| ED | 156 | 54 | 140 | 67 | ||||
| ICU | 155 | 41 | 153 | 39 | ||||
| Cases to OR from ED | ||||||||
| Total cases (No.) | 27 | 20 | ||||||
APACHE II, Acute Physiology & Chronic Health Evaluation II; ATS, Australian Triage Score, 5 tier system of categorising patients urgency (1 = treat immediately, 2 = treat within 10 minutes, 3 = treat within 30 minutes, 4 = treat within 1 hour, 5 = treat within 2 hours); ED, emergency department; FiO2, fraction of inhaled oxygen expressed as a decimal value; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MAP, mean arterial pressure; OR, operating room.