Table 3.
Comparison of computed tomography findings between severe and non-severe groups at different time periods
| T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe, n = 82 | Non-severe, n = 228 | Total, N = 310 | Severe, n = 67 | Non-severe, n = 203 | Total, N = 270 | Severe, n = 58 | Non-severe, n = 126 | Total, N = 184 | Severe, n = 18 | Non-severe, n = 38 | Total, N = 56 | Severe, n = 38 | Non-severe, n = 84 | Total, N = 122 | |
| Absorption, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Complete absorption | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0)* | 29 (14.3) | 29 (10.7) | 2 (3.4)‡ | 18 (14.3) | 20 (10.9) | 1 (5.6)† | 15 (39.5) | 16 (28.6) | 7 (18.4)† | 41 (48.8) | 48 (39.3) |
| Only residual fibrosis-like findings | 0 (0) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 3 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 7 (8.3) | 7 (5.7) |
| Distribution, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Peripheral | 8 (9.8)* | 139 (61) | 147 (47.4) | 9 (13.4)* | 110 (54.2) | 119 (44.1) | 13 (22.4)* | 72 (57.1) | 85 (46.2) | 6 (33.3) | 18 (47.4) | 24 (42.9) | 8 (21.1) | 26 (31) | 34 (27.9) |
| Diffuse | 74 (90.2)* | 86 (37.7) | 160 (51.6) | 58 (86.6)* | 61 (30.0) | 119 (44.1) | 43 (74.1)* | 35 (27.8) | 78 (42.4) | 11 (61.1)* | 5 (13.2) | 16 (28.6) | 23 (60.5)* | 10 (11.9) | 33 (27) |
| Density, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| GGO with CO | 40 (48.8)* | 31 (13.6) | 71 (22.9) | 9 (13.4)* | 3 (1.5) | 12 (4.4) | 3 (5.2) | 1 (0.8) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (7.9) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (3.3) |
| GGOs | 42 (51.2)* | 194 (85.1) | 236 (76.1) | 58 (86.6) | 168 (82.8) | 226 (83.7) | 53 (91.4) | 106 (84.1) | 159 (86.4) | 16 (88.9)‡ | 23 (60.5) | 39 (69.6) | 28 (73.7)† | 35 (41.7) | 63 (51.6) |
| Irregular linear opacities | 35 (42.7) | 94 (41.2) | 129 (41.6) | 46 (68.7)* | 54 (26.6) | 100 (37.0) | 34 (58.6)* | 35 (27.8) | 69 (37.5) | 11 (61.1)* | 4 (10.5) | 15 (26.8) | 19 (50)* | 12 (14.3) | 31 (25.4) |
| Reticulation | 11 (13.4) | 25 (11) | 36 (11.6) | 13 (19.4)* | 10 (4.9) | 23 (8.5) | 12 (20.7)† | 7 (5.6) | 19 (10.3) | 4 (22.2)† | 0 (0) | 4 (7.1) | 5 (13.2) | 2 (2.4) | 7 (5.7) |
| pGGO | 7 (8.5)* | 100 (43.9) | 107 (34.5) | 12 (17.9)* | 113 (55.7) | 125 (46.3) | 19 (32.8)† | 70 (55.6) | 89 (48.4) | 5 (27.8) | 19 (50) | 24 (42.9) | 9 (23.7) | 23 (27.4) | 32 (26.2) |
| Fibrosis-like findings, n (%) | 70 (85.4)* | 100 (43.9) | 170 (54.8) | 56 (83.6)* | 59 (29.1) | 115 (42.6) | 40 (69)* | 37 (29.4) | 77 (41.8) | 11 (61.1)‡ | 10 (26.3) | 21 (37.5) | 25 (65.8)* | 19 (22.6) | 44 (36.1) |
| Bronchial dilatation | 38 (46.3)* | 14 (6.1) | 52 (16.8) | 32 (47.8)* | 6 (3) | 38 (14.1) | 24 (41.4)* | 6 (4.8) | 30 (16.3) | 8 (44.4)* | 1 (2.6) | 9 (16.1) | 12 (31.6)* | 2 (2.4) | 14 (11.5) |
| Parenchymal band | 65 (79.3)* | 96 (42.1) | 161 (51.9) | 51 (76.1)* | 53 (26.1) | 104 (38.5) | 34 (58.6)* | 34 (27.0) | 68 (37) | 10 (55.6)‡ | 9 (23.7) | 19 (33.9) | 23 (60.5)* | 16 (19) | 39 (32) |
| Irregular interfaces | 47 (57.3)* | 45 (19.7) | 92 (29.7) | 38 (56.7)* | 24 (11.8) | 62 (23) | 23 (39.7)* | 15 (11.9) | 38 (20.7) | 5 (27.8) | 6 (15.8) | 11 (19.6) | 17 (44.7)* | 8 (9.5) | 25 (20.5) |
| Pleural | 43 (52.4)* | 47 (20.6) | 90 (29) | 35 (52.2)* | 24 (11.8) | 59 (21.9) | 22 (37.9)* | 15 (11.9) | 37 (20.1) | 5 (27.8) | 6 (15.8) | 11 (19.6) | 16 (42.1)* | 8 (9.5) | 24 (19.7) |
| Bronchovascular | 13 (15.9)* | 4 (1.8) | 17 (5.5) | 5 (7.5)† | 1 (0.5) | 6 (2.2) | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (1.2) | 2 (1.6) |
| Mediastinal | 3 (3.7) | 2 (0.9) | 5 (1.6) | 2 (3) | 2 (1) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (1.2) | 3 (2.5) |
| Involvement of lobe, n (%) | |||||||||||||||
| Right upper lobe | 81 (98.8)* | 125 (54.8) | 206 (66.5) | 60 (89.6)* | 82 (40.2) | 142 (52.6) | 46 (79.3)* | 44 (34.9) | 90 (48.9) | 13 (72.2)* | 8 (21.1) | 21 (37.5) | 21 (55.3)* | 11 (13.1) | 32 (26.2) |
| Right middle lobe | 76 (92.7)* | 99 (43.4) | 175 (56.5) | 53 (79.1)* | 68 (33.5) | 121 (44.8) | 40 (69)* | 38 (30.2) | 78 (42.4) | 11 (61.1)† | 6 (15.8) | 17 (30.4) | 16 (42.1)* | 7 (8.3) | 23 (18.9) |
| Right lower lobe | 82 (100)* | 193 (84.6) | 275 (88.7) | 64 (95.5)* | 141 (69.5) | 205 (75.9) | 54 (93.1)* | 82 (65.1) | 136 (73.9) | 16 (88.9)† | 19 (50) | 35 (62.5) | 28 (73.7)* | 30 (35.7) | 58 (47.5) |
| Left upper lobe | 80 (97.6)* | 114 (50) | 194 (62.6) | 62 (92.5)* | 79 (38.9) | 141 (52.2) | 47 (81)* | 44 (34.9) | 91 (49.5) | 12 (66.7)* | 7 (18.4) | 19 (33.9) | 21 (55.3)* | 12 (14.3) | 33 (27) |
| Left lower lobe | 80 (97.6)* | 181 (79.4) | 261 (84.2) | 64 (95.5)* | 131 (64.5) | 195 (72.2) | 54 (93.1)* | 73 (57.9) | 127 (69) | 16 (88.9)† | 18 (47.4) | 34 (60.7) | 28 (73.7)* | 21 (25) | 49 (40.2) |
| Total number of affected lobes (IQR) | 5 (5, 5)* | 3 (2, 5) | 4 (2, 5) | 5 (5, 5)* | 2 (1, 4) | 3 (1, 5) | 5 (3.8, 5)* | 2 (1, 3.3) | 3 (1, 5) | 5 (2, 5)* | 1 (0,2.3) | 2 (0, 5) | 3 (1, 5)* | 0 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 3) |
*p < 0.001, compared with the non-severe group; †p < 0.01, compared with the non-severe group; ‡p < 0.05, compared with the non-severe group
T0, pre-discharge; T1, 1–4 weeks after discharge; T2, 5–8 weeks after discharge; T3, 9–12 weeks after discharge; T4, > 12 weeks after discharge
CO, consolidation; GGO, ground-glass opacity; CO, consolidation; IQR, interquartile range