Figure 2.

Change of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in wound fluid in response to non‐contact low‐frequency ultrasound (NCLF‐US) therapy. Wound fluids were collected during the study visits. Various molecular markers, including IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1b, TNF‐α and GM‐CSF (A–E) were quantified using Luminex 100 multiplex assays. Actual reading values were log‐transformed prior to analysis due to skewed distribution. Results were also expressed as percent change compared with baseline levels of these markers to avoid the discrepancy among baseline values.