Table 1.
Clinical spectrum of malaria patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (n=108)
| Number of all malaria patients (%)/Mean±SD | Number of malaria patients with MODS (%)/Mean±SD | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | ||
| Fever | 121 (97.58) | 105 (97.22) |
| Chills | 109 (87.90) | 94 (87.03) |
| Bodyache | 34 (27.41) | 27 (25.0) |
| Headache | 29 (23.38) | 26 (24.07) |
| Jaundice | 47 (37.90) | 47 (43.51) |
| Vomiting | 45 (36.29) | 41 (37.96) |
| Bleeding manifestations (hematuria/bleeding from nose/bleeding gums) | 25 (20.16) | 22 (20.37) |
| Abdominal pain | 25 (20.16) | 24 (22.22) |
| Loose stools | 7 (5.64) | 6 (5.55) |
| Shortness of breath | 16 (12.90) | 15 (13.88) |
| Altered sensorium | 6 (4.83) | 6 (5.55) |
| Decreased urine output | 14 (11.29) | 14 (12.96) |
| Signs/examination findings | ||
| MAP (mmHg) | 78.22±16.69 | 77.35±15.02 |
| Tachycardia | 58 (46.77) | 48 (44.44) |
| Hepatomegaly | 58 (46.77) | 54 (50.0) |
| Pallor | 56 (45.16) | 52 (48.14) |
| Icterus | 51 (41.12) | 51 (47.22) |
| Splenomegaly | 48 (38.70) | 45 (41.66) |
| Pedal edema | 41 (33.06) | 40 (37.03) |
| Hepato-splenomegaly | 32 (25.80) | 32 (29.62) |
| Rashes on body (purpura/ecchymosis/petechiae) | 28 (22.58) | 25 (23.14) |
| Crepitations in chest | 18 (14.51) | 17 (15.74) |
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage | 10 (8.06) | 10 (9.25) |
| Neurological deficit | 6 (4.83) | 4 (3.70) |
| Lymphadenopathy | 3 (2.41) | 2 (1.85) |
| Laboratory findings | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.05±2.65 | 10.01±2.65 |
| Red cell count (million/cumm) | 3.41±1.00 | 3.39±1.00 |
| TLC (/cumm) | 7353.85±4116.66 | 7297.01±4116.66 |
| Platelet count (thousand/cumm) | 49.43±53.30 | 41.05±53.30 |
| Reticulocyte count (%) | 1.26±2.03 | 1.30±2.07 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm in 1st h) | 44.33±22.65 | 43.15±22.43 |
| Malaria parasite index on admission (%) | 1.22±1.58 | 1.30±1.58 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.04±2.50 | 2.21±2.52 |
| Serum total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 4.26±5.75 | 4.77±5.51 |
| Serum alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 46.14±45.25 | 47.20±29.74 |
| Serum aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 67.75±79.85 | 69.95±47.60 |
| Serum alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 121.74±110.6 | 117.90±112.0 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.43±0.55 | 2.38±0.55 |
| Serum lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 532.83±331.71 | 547.37±335.84 |
MAP: Mean arterial pressure, SD: Standard deviation, MODS: Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, TLC: Total leucocyte count