Figure 4.
Simulation results under the Joint Model with β = 0.2: (A) effect of the SNP genotype on the quantitative omics variable (i.e., αG); (B) effect of the quantitative omics variable on the phenotype (i.e., γ); and (C) effect of the genotype on the phenotype (i.e., β). The bias and standard error of the parameter estimator and the power of the association test are plotted against the lower detection limit of the quantitative omics variable. The red, black, green, and blue curves pertain to the proposed method, complete-case analysis, imputation at limit, and imputation at mid-point, respectively. The silver curve pertains to the mean of the standard error estimator for the proposed method.