Figure 7.

COVID-19 lung autopsies exhibit specific and extensive accumulation of monocyte and macrophages relative to control lungs

(A) Lung sections obtained from non-diseased organ donors and autopsy specimens from COVID-19 patients with diffuse alveolar damage were stained with indicated antibodies and analyzed using Vectra. Representative images show staining for CD19 (B cell), CD4 or CD8 (T cells), CD163 (monocytes and macrophages), MMP9 (neutrophil), and granzyme B (cytotoxicity) in the lungs of uninfected controls (left) and COVID-19 patients (right).

(B) Quantitation of immune cell subsets in (A) for uninfected organ donor lungs (n = 3) and COVID-19 lungs (n = 5) as a frequency of total lung cells (top) or density (bottom; cells per mm² cellular area) using InForm software. Statistical significance calculated by paired t test and indicated by ^∗p ≤ 0.05.

(C) UMAP embedding showing expression of genes associated with proliferation by scRNA-seq in monocyte and macrophages derived from airways and blood, as in Figure 5.