Table I.
Selected COVID-19 studies in children with leukemia
| Reference | Number of patients | Type of study | Number of patients with leukemia | COVID-19 complications | Use of specific COVID-19 treatment | Outcome in patients with leukemia | Commentaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Millen et al. [20] |
54 |
Multicenter study, national scale |
24 ALL 4 AML |
2 pts with ALL with moderate to severe presentation of COVID-19 |
UK |
Favorable |
|
| Palomo-colli et al. [67] | 38 | Monocenter study | 21 ALL 3 AML |
2 pts requiring invasive ventilation (underlying diagnosis unspecified) | UK | UK |
26 pts with delayed oncologic treatment |
| No death |
21 pts with oxygen need (mask/canula) |
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| Rouger-Gaudichon et al. [23] |
37 |
Multicenter study, national scale |
10 ALL |
5 pts requiring ICU transfer (including 2 relapsed ALL, and 1 pt with ALL and HSCT) |
REM: 1pt |
One death (relapsed ALL treated with chemotherapy) |
16 pts with oncologic treatment delayed (median time of 14 days) |
| 1 AML 1 CML |
OHQ: 2 pts |
Other pts with favourable outcome |
|||||
| Bisogno et al. [19] | 29 | Multicenter study, national scale | 14 ALL | No complications | OHQ: 9 pts, lopinavir/ritonavir: 3 pts | Favorable | Prolonged virus shedding in 2 pts (1 AML and 1 ALL) |
| 2 AML |
16 pts with chemotherapy hold (median time of 26 days) |
||||||
| Ferrari et al. [58] |
21 |
Multicenter sudy, regional scale |
10 leukemias |
No complications in pts with leukemia |
UK |
Favorable |
Modification of oncologic treatment in 10 pts |
| Gampel et al. [17] |
19 |
Multicenter study, city scale |
6 “leukemia or lymphoma” |
5 pts in ICU including one patient with B-ALL and hyperleukocytosis |
OHQ + AZYTHRO: 3 pts |
Favorable |
More severity in males in the overall cohort? |
| De Rojas et al. [11] | 15 | Multicenter study, city scale | 8 ALL | No complications | OHQ: 11 pts, with 3 of them in combination with other drugs (REM, AZITHRO, Toci, steroids) | Favorable | 2 pts required oxygen support (no leukemia) |
| 1 AML |
Delayed chemotherapy in 6 pts |
||||||
| Ahmad et al. [59] |
10 |
Monocenter case series |
Not specified |
No complications |
UK |
Favorable |
One patient with AML with prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 for 4 weeks |
| Pérez-Martinez et al. [60] |
8 |
Monocenter case series |
2 ALL |
Macrophage activation syndrome in a T-ALL pt |
OHQ, REM, tocilizumab and dexamethasone |
Favorable |
|
| Vicent et al. [15] |
8 |
Multicenter case series |
3 ALL 1 AML |
1 pt with ALL requiring mechanical ventilation |
OHQ, AZITHRO, REM, Toci, lopinavir/ritonavir, siltuximab and anakinra |
One death (ALL & alveolar haemorrhage) |
|
| Rossof et al. [61] |
6 |
Monocenter case series |
2 ALL 1 AML |
One pt with AML required high-flow oxygen |
UK |
Favorable |
One pt with T-ALL with prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 for 5 weeks |
| Flores et al. [62] |
3 |
Monocenter case series |
3 ALL |
One pt with recent history of HSCT and under immunosuppressive therapy presented respiratory distress signs, &required mechanical ventilation |
UK |
One death (patient with history of HSCT) Two pts on consolidation therapy: favorable outcome |
|
| Stokes et al. [14] |
2 |
Monocenter case series |
1 AML |
ICU hospitalization required |
OHQ and REM |
High BMI |
|
| Phillips et al. [63] |
1 |
Case report |
1 ALL |
Macrophage activation syndrome Mechanical ventilation required |
No specific treatment |
Clinical improvement after the beginning of chemotherapy |
Concomittant diagnosis of B-ALL and COVID-19 |
| Sieni et al. [13] |
1 |
Case report |
1 AML |
No complication |
OHQ and lopinavir/ritonavir. |
Favorable |
1-year-old girl with high risk AML |
| Orf et al. [64] |
1 |
Case report |
1 ALL |
No complication |
Use of REM. Three drugs induction. |
Favorable Mild course |
Concomitant diagnosis of standard risk B-ALL and SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| Balashov et al. [41] |
1 |
Case report |
1 JMML |
Delayed respiratory complications |
Toci, methylprednisolone, convalescent plasma |
Improvement in 14 days. |
Description of the case of a 9-month-old girl with JMML and HSCT history SARS-CoV-2 still detectable 4 months after initial detection |
| Velasco-Puyo et al. [65] |
1 |
Case report |
1 ALL |
Rapid respiratory aggravation with need for high-flow oxygen therapy. |
Toci |
Clinical improvement after perfusion of Toci. |
High-risk KMT2A rearrangement ALL. |
| Sun et al. [66] | 1 | Case report | 1 ALL | Mechanical ventilation required | UK | Not recovered. Still in ICU at time of publication | Patient under maintenance treatment Co-infection with influenza A virus |
ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia; AZITHRO: azithromycin; BMI: Body Mass Index; HSCT: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; JMML: Juvenile Myelo-Monocytic Leukemia; OHQ (Hydroxy Chloroquine); pts: patients; REM: remdesivir; Toci: Tocilizumab; UK: Unknown.