TABLE 1.
Study population characteristics of inpatient hospitalizations in the 2016 Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID)
| Neonates |
Nonneonates |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 3,970,065) |
RBC transfusion (n = 16,947) |
No RBC transfusion (n = 3,953,118) |
Overall (N = 1,634,918) |
RBC transfusion (n = 43,062) |
No RBC transfusion (n = 1,591,856) |
|||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 2,040,741 | (51.40) | 9,321 | (55.00) | 2,031,419 | (51.39%) | 826,742 | (50.57) | 21,723 | (50.45) | 805,019 | (50.57) |
| Female | 1,927,012 | (48.54) | 7,624 | (44.99) | 1,919,388 | (48.55%) | 807,771 | (49.41) | 21,301 | (49.47) | 786,469 | (49.41) |
| Age group | ||||||||||||
| Infant (29 d to <1 y) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 282,637 | (17.29) | 6,993 | (16.24) | 275,644 | (17.32) |
| Toddler (1–2 y) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 135,836 | (8.31) | 2,949 | (6.85) | 132,887 | (8.35) |
| Early childhood age (2–5 y) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 307,073 | (18.78) | 9,490 | (22.04) | 297,583 | (18.69) |
| Middle childhood age (6–11 y) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 317,854 | (19.44) | 9,380 | (21.78) | 308,474 | (19.38) |
| Adolescent (12–18 y) | … | … | … | … | … | … | 591,517 | (36.18) | 14,250 | (33.09) | 577,268 | (36.26) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| White | 1,843,370 | (46.43) | 5,506 | (32.49) | 1,837,864 | (46.49) | 727,671 | (44.51) | 15,174 | (35.24) | 712,497 | (44.76) |
| African American | 516,989 | (13.02) | 4,153 | (24.50) | 512,836 | (12.97) | 273,951 | (16.76) | 9,086 | (21.10) | 264,865 | (16.64) |
| Hispanic | 718,686 | (18.10) | 3,308 | (19.52) | 715,378 | (18.10) | 345,138 | (21.11) | 9,264 | (21.51) | 335,874 | (21.10) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 217,086 | (5.47) | 737 | (4.35) | 216,350 | (5.47) | 48,350 | (2.96) | 1,832 | (4.25) | 46,518 | (2.92) |
| Other | 264,387 | (6.66) | 1,203 | (7.10) | 263,184 | (6.66) | 96,801 | (5.92) | 2,587 | (6.01) | 94,214 | (5.92) |
| Admission type | ||||||||||||
| Nonelective | … | … | … | … | … | … | 1,309,608 | (80.10) | 30,653 | (71.18) | 1,278,954 | (80.34) |
| Elective | … | … | … | … | … | … | 320,137 | (19.58) | 12,186 | (28.30) | 307,951 | (19.35) |
| Length of stay (days)* | 2 (2–3) | 51 (18–85) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–4) | 6 (3–13) | 2 (1–4) | ||||||
| APR-DRG risk mortality subclass | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 3,822,562 | (96.28) | 2,973 | (17.54) | 3,819,590 | (96.62) | 1,320,023 | (80.74) | 18,037 | (41.89) | 1,301,986 | (81.79) |
| 2 | 80,237 | (2.02) | 3,814 | (22.51) | 76,423 | (1.93) | 220,394 | (13.48) | 13,561 | (31.49) | 206,832 | (12.99) |
| 3 | 38,930 | (0.98) | 6,702 | (39.55) | 32,228 | (0.82) | 69,557 | (4.25) | 7,757 | (18.01) | 61,800 | (3.88) |
| 4 | 21,479 | (0.54) | 3,152 | (18.60) | 18,327 | (0.46) | 23,857 | (1.46) | 3,670 | (8.59) | 20,157 | (1.27) |
| APR-DRG risk severity subclass | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 2,854,232 | (71.89) | 391 | (2.31) | 2,853,841 | (72.19) | 655,030 | (40.07) | 5,464 | (12.69) | 649,567 | (40.81) |
| 2 | 780,846 | (19.67) | 1,783 | (10.52) | 779,063 | (19.71) | 632,366 | (38.68) | 12,660 | (29.40) | 619,706 | (38.93) |
| 3 | 278,212 | (7.01) | 5,549 | (32.74) | 272,663 | (6.90) | 269,062 | (16.46) | 14,333 | (33.29) | 254,729 | (16.00) |
| 4 | 49,918 | (1.26) | 8,918 | (52.62) | 41,000 | (1.04) | 77,373 | (4.73) | 10,598 | (24.61) | 66,775 | (4.19) |
| Primary payer | ||||||||||||
| Medicaid | 1,823,748 | (45.94) | 9,800 | (57.83) | 1,813,947 | (45.89) | 893,602 | (54.66) | 22,021 | (51.14) | 871,581 | (54.75) |
| Medicare | 14,176 | (0.36) | 36 | (0.21) | 14,140 | (0.36) | 5,928 | (0.36) | 172 | (0.40) | 5,756 | (0.36) |
| Private | 1,830,825 | (46.12) | 6,031 | (35.59) | 1,824,794 | (46.16) | 628,881 | (38.47) | 16,723 | (38.83) | 612,159 | (38.46) |
| Self | 180,890 | (4.56) | 283 | (1.67) | 180,608 | (4.57) | 38,157 | (2.33) | 1,120 | (2.6) | 37,037 | (2.33) |
| No charge/other | 115,779 | (2.92) | 788 | (4.65) | 114,991 | (2.91) | 65,605 | (4.01) | 2,988 | (6.94) | 62,617 | (3.93) |
| In-hospital mortality | ||||||||||||
| No | 3,952,490 | (99.56) | 14,812 | (87.40) | 3,937,678 | (99.61) | 1,627,188 | (99.53) | 41,818 | (97.11) | 1,585,371 | (99.59) |
| Yes | 14,406 | (0.36) | 2,120 | (12.51) | 12,286 | (0.31) | 6,415 | (0.39) | 1,243 | (2.89) | 5,173 | (0.32) |
| Hospital control | ||||||||||||
| Government, nonfederal | 491,838 | (12.39) | 2,355 | (13.90) | 489,483 | (12.38) | 200,435 | (12.26) | 4,829 | (11.21) | 195,606 | (12.29) |
| Private, nonprofit | 2,910,780 | (73.32) | 13,029 | (76.88) | 2,897,751 | (73.30) | 1,264,881 | (77.37) | 35,797 | (83.13) | 1,229,084 | (77.21) |
| Private, investor-owned | 567,447 | (14.29) | 1,563 | (9.22) | 565,884 | (14.31) | 169,602 | (10.37) | 2,435 | (5.66) | 167,166 | (10.50) |
| Hospital location/teaching | ||||||||||||
| Urban teaching | 2,628,001 | (66.20) | 15,184 | (89.60) | 2,612,817 | (66.10) | 1,387,542 | (84.87) | 41,013 | (95.24) | 1,346,529 | (84.59) |
| Urban nonteaching | 959,609 | (24.17) | 1,631 | (9.62) | 957,979 | (24.23) | 175,944 | (10.76) | 1,640 | (3.81) | 174,304 | (10.95) |
| Rural | 382,455 | (9.63) | 132 | (0.78) | 382,323 | (9.67) | 71,433 | (4.37) | 409 | (0.95) | 71,024 | (4.46) |
All data are weighted using survey weights provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Red blood cell transfusion (RBC) defined as at least one RBC transfusion procedure, identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes: 30233 N1, 30233P1, 30243 N1, 30243P1, 30253 N1, 30263 N1, and/or 30623P1. Data may not sum to 100% due to missingness.
*
Data are median and corresponding interquartile range (IQR).
1
APR-DRG = all patient refined diagnosis-related group.