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. 2021 Mar 3;2021:6635225. doi: 10.1155/2021/6635225

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Copyright © 2021 Huiwen Xu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

The acylation sites on HPTMs. Novel HPTM sites identified on the four core histones (H3, H4, H2A, and H2B) mostly overlap with known histone acylation sites. Some of them display a Kac-nonoverlapping modification pattern with a unique consequence for different epigenetic phenomena. For example, Kbu competitively inhibits Kac on H4K5 in spermatogenesis by restricting acetyl groups binding to the bromodomains. Kac: lysine acetylation; Kbhb: lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation; Kma: lysine malonylation; Ksucc: lysine succinylation; Kpr: lysine propionylation; Kcr: lysine crotonylation; Kbu: lysine butyrylation; Kla: lysine lactylation; Khib: lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation; Kglu: lysine glutarylation.