Table 2.
TMA-favoring factors according to TMA cause.
| Characteristics | Primary | Secondary | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTP | aHUS | tHUS | HELLP syndrome | Malignant HBP | Malignancies | Drugs | Infections | AID | aGVHD | Others | |
| n = 12 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 79 | n = 12 | n = 30 | n = 11 | n = 5 | n = 5 | n = 16 | n = 30 | |
| Infections | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Shiga toxin E. coli | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Bacteria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Fungus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Undetermined | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pregnancy | 1 | 2 | 0 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| History of Malignancy | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 26 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 13 | 5 |
| Solid cancer | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 18 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Hematological malignancy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 3 |
| Actual Malignancy | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Solid cancer | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hematological malignancy | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Drugs | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| Transplantation | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 7 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Stem cell transplantation | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 3 |
| Autoimmune disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| B12 deficiency | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| No identified factor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| Mean number of other factors per patient* | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 1.43 | 1.09 | 0.8 | 0 | 2.93 | - |
*
When the factor was considered as the main etiology of TMA, it was not counted as a favoring factor.