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. 2021 Feb 26;9:648684. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2021.648684

TABLE 1.

The applications of antioxidants.

Antioxidants CPAs Cryopreservation objects Positive results Cryopreservation method References
Ascorbate acid Sucrose and PVS2 a Kiwifruit shoot tips Lipid peroxides↓ Droplet vitrification b Mathew et al. (2019)
Protein carbonyls↓
Regeneration↑
TEYCAFG c Cross-bred cattle bull semen Live spermatozoa↑ 4°C for 4 h, programmatically cool to −140°C and transfer into LN Singh et al. (2020a)
Acrosomal integrity↑
Sperm abnormalities↓
MDA↓
SOD↑
Glutathione, ascorbate acid and vitamin E Sucrose Mint shoot tips Stable samples percentage↑ Vitrification González-Benito et al. (2016)
Catalase and malate dehydrogenase None Paeonia and Magnolia pollen Germination rate↑ Vitrification Jia et al. (2018)
SOD↑
ROS and MDA↓
Glutathione Sucrose and PVS2 Orchids protocorms Post-thaw recovery↑ Encapsulation-vitrification Diengdoh et al. (2019)
Single-wall carbon nanotubes PVS2 Agapanthus praecox embryogenic callus ROS↓ Vitrification Ren et al. (2020)
Cells oxidative injury↑
Survival rate↑
N-acetyl-L-cysteine DMSO d Human cord blood nucleated cells ROS↓ Cool at 1–3°C/min to −80°C, then transfer into LN e Makashova et al. (2016)
Viability↑
Preservation rate↑
Catalase and α-tocopherol DMSO and fetal bovine serum Spermatogonial stem cells ROS↓ Store at −80°C for 1 day then transfer into LN Aliakbari et al. (2017)
The number of cells↑
Cells quality↑
Viability↑
Mitoquinone VS83 f Heart valve tissue Tissue viability↑ Programmatically cool to −130°C for 24 h and transfer into LN for 2 mouths Sui et al., (2018)
Salidroside Glycerol or trehalose Sheep red blood cells Hemolysis↓ Vitrification Alotaibi et al. (2016)
Protein oxidation↓
Lipid oxidation↓
Taurine Tris extender g Crossbred ram sperm Percent sperm motility↑ Programmatically cool to −140°Cand transfer into LN Banday et al. (2017)
Live sperm count↑
MDA↓
Glutathione↓
Leptin SpermFreeze h Human sperm DNA fragmentation↓ Store at LN vapor phase then transfer into LN Fontoura et al. (2017)
Antioxidant enzymes activity↑
MitoTEMPO SpermFreeze Human spermatozoa Sperm motility↑ Place in vapor LN and transfer into LN Lu et al. (2018)
Viability↑
Membrane integrity↑
Mitochondrial membrane potential↑
Coenzyme Q10 Soybean lecithin-based extender i Buck spermatozoa Total motility↑ 4°C for 2 h, LN vapor phase for 12 min; last transfer into LN Yousefian et al. (2018)
Sperm viability↑
Plasma membrane functionality↑
Sperm abnormality↓
Mitochondrial activity↑
Lycopene Triladyl j Bovine sperm Mitochondrial activity↑ 4°C for 2 h,programmatically cool to −140°Cand transfer into LN Tvrda et al. (2017)
ROS↓
Protein carbonyl↓
Lipid peroxidation↓
DNA damage↓
Lycopene and alpha-lipoic acid Extender II k Goat spermatozoa Sperm motility↑ 4°C for 2 h,programmatically cool to −5°Cand transfer into vapor LN Ren et al. (2018)
Acrosome integrity↑
Membrane integrity↑
Mitochondrial activity↑
Pregnancy rates↑
α-Tocopherol and ascorbic acid DMSO, glucose and bovine serum albumin Spermatozoa of Atlantic salmon Lipid peroxidation↓ Programmatically cool from 4°C to −120°C Figueroa et al. (2018)
Glutathione peroxidase↑
Catalase activity↑
ROS↓
Mitochondrial membrane potential↑
Percentage of motility↑
Melatonin BotuCrio l Equine sperm Percentage of sperm cells ↑ Programmatically cool to −140°C and transfer into LN Lançoni et al. (2018)
Mitochondrial membrane potential↑
Resveratrol Optidyl m Goat semen The total motility↑ 5°C for 4 h, place in vapor LN for 10 min, last transfer into LN Lv et al. (2019)
Progressive motility↑
Membrane and acrosome integrity↑
Mitochondrial activity↑
Percentage of viable spermatozoa↑
ROS↓
Aloe vera Tris-egg-yolk-citric-acid-fructose-glycerol extender Bull semen Progressive motility↑ 4°C for 4 h, programmatically cool to −140°Cand transfer into LN Singh et al. (2020b)
Live spermatozoa↑
Acrosomal integrity↑
MDA↓
a

PVS2: plant vitrification solution 2:30% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15% (w/v) dimethyl sulphoxide.

b

Vitrification: a method for cryopreservation which can make the intracellular and extracellular environment form a glass-like shape, usually requiring high CPA concentration and rapid cooling (Rienzi et al., 2016).

c

TEYCAFG: Tris-Egg-Yolk-Citric-acid-Fructose-Glycerol extender.

d

DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide.

e

LN: Liquid nitrogen.

f

VS83: vitrification solution 83%:4.65 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 4.65 M formamide, and 3.30 M 1,2-propanediol.

g

Tris extender (Tris citric acid buffer 73 ml; fructose 1.25 g; egg yolk 20 ml; glycerol 7 ml; penicillin G sodium 80,000 IU; streptomycin 100 mg).

h

SpermFreeze: a commercial CPA(Vitrolife, Sweden).

i

Soybean lecithin-based extender: (3.07 g Tris, 1.26 g fructose, 1.68 g citric acid in 100 ml distilled water), soybean lecithin 1.5% (w/v) and glycerol 5% (v/v).

j

Triladyl: a commercial CPA (Minitub GmbH, Tiefenbach, Germany).

k

Extender II: 6 mM glucose, 600 mM Tris, 190 mM citric acid, 0.4 g/ml streptomycin, 2000 IU/ml penicillin, egg yolk (15%, v/v) and glycerol (5%, v/v) in 200 ml deionized water.

l

BotuCrio: a commercial CPA (Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil)ptidyl: a commercial CPA(Biovet, France).

m

Optidyl: a commercial CPA(Biovet, France).