TABLE 1.
Antioxidants | CPAs | Cryopreservation objects | Positive results | Cryopreservation method | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascorbate acid | Sucrose and PVS2 a | Kiwifruit shoot tips | Lipid peroxides↓ | Droplet vitrification b | Mathew et al. (2019) |
Protein carbonyls↓ | |||||
Regeneration↑ | |||||
TEYCAFG c | Cross-bred cattle bull semen | Live spermatozoa↑ | 4°C for 4 h, programmatically cool to −140°C and transfer into LN | Singh et al. (2020a) | |
Acrosomal integrity↑ | |||||
Sperm abnormalities↓ | |||||
MDA↓ | |||||
SOD↑ | |||||
Glutathione, ascorbate acid and vitamin E | Sucrose | Mint shoot tips | Stable samples percentage↑ | Vitrification | González-Benito et al. (2016) |
Catalase and malate dehydrogenase | None | Paeonia and Magnolia pollen | Germination rate↑ | Vitrification | Jia et al. (2018) |
SOD↑ | |||||
ROS and MDA↓ | |||||
Glutathione | Sucrose and PVS2 | Orchids protocorms | Post-thaw recovery↑ | Encapsulation-vitrification | Diengdoh et al. (2019) |
Single-wall carbon nanotubes | PVS2 | Agapanthus praecox embryogenic callus | ROS↓ | Vitrification | Ren et al. (2020) |
Cells oxidative injury↑ | |||||
Survival rate↑ | |||||
N-acetyl-L-cysteine | DMSO d | Human cord blood nucleated cells | ROS↓ | Cool at 1–3°C/min to −80°C, then transfer into LN e | Makashova et al. (2016) |
Viability↑ | |||||
Preservation rate↑ | |||||
Catalase and α-tocopherol | DMSO and fetal bovine serum | Spermatogonial stem cells | ROS↓ | Store at −80°C for 1 day then transfer into LN | Aliakbari et al. (2017) |
The number of cells↑ | |||||
Cells quality↑ | |||||
Viability↑ | |||||
Mitoquinone | VS83 f | Heart valve tissue | Tissue viability↑ | Programmatically cool to −130°C for 24 h and transfer into LN for 2 mouths | Sui et al., (2018) |
Salidroside | Glycerol or trehalose | Sheep red blood cells | Hemolysis↓ | Vitrification | Alotaibi et al. (2016) |
Protein oxidation↓ | |||||
Lipid oxidation↓ | |||||
Taurine | Tris extender g | Crossbred ram sperm | Percent sperm motility↑ | Programmatically cool to −140°Cand transfer into LN | Banday et al. (2017) |
Live sperm count↑ | |||||
MDA↓ | |||||
Glutathione↓ | |||||
Leptin | SpermFreeze h | Human sperm | DNA fragmentation↓ | Store at LN vapor phase then transfer into LN | Fontoura et al. (2017) |
Antioxidant enzymes activity↑ | |||||
MitoTEMPO | SpermFreeze | Human spermatozoa | Sperm motility↑ | Place in vapor LN and transfer into LN | Lu et al. (2018) |
Viability↑ | |||||
Membrane integrity↑ | |||||
Mitochondrial membrane potential↑ | |||||
Coenzyme Q10 | Soybean lecithin-based extender i | Buck spermatozoa | Total motility↑ | 4°C for 2 h, LN vapor phase for 12 min; last transfer into LN | Yousefian et al. (2018) |
Sperm viability↑ | |||||
Plasma membrane functionality↑ | |||||
Sperm abnormality↓ | |||||
Mitochondrial activity↑ | |||||
Lycopene | Triladyl j | Bovine sperm | Mitochondrial activity↑ | 4°C for 2 h,programmatically cool to −140°Cand transfer into LN | Tvrda et al. (2017) |
ROS↓ | |||||
Protein carbonyl↓ | |||||
Lipid peroxidation↓ | |||||
DNA damage↓ | |||||
Lycopene and alpha-lipoic acid | Extender II k | Goat spermatozoa | Sperm motility↑ | 4°C for 2 h,programmatically cool to −5°Cand transfer into vapor LN | Ren et al. (2018) |
Acrosome integrity↑ | |||||
Membrane integrity↑ | |||||
Mitochondrial activity↑ | |||||
Pregnancy rates↑ | |||||
α-Tocopherol and ascorbic acid | DMSO, glucose and bovine serum albumin | Spermatozoa of Atlantic salmon | Lipid peroxidation↓ | Programmatically cool from 4°C to −120°C | Figueroa et al. (2018) |
Glutathione peroxidase↑ | |||||
Catalase activity↑ | |||||
ROS↓ | |||||
Mitochondrial membrane potential↑ | |||||
Percentage of motility↑ | |||||
Melatonin | BotuCrio l | Equine sperm | Percentage of sperm cells ↑ | Programmatically cool to −140°C and transfer into LN | Lançoni et al. (2018) |
Mitochondrial membrane potential↑ | |||||
Resveratrol | Optidyl m | Goat semen | The total motility↑ | 5°C for 4 h, place in vapor LN for 10 min, last transfer into LN | Lv et al. (2019) |
Progressive motility↑ | |||||
Membrane and acrosome integrity↑ | |||||
Mitochondrial activity↑ | |||||
Percentage of viable spermatozoa↑ | |||||
ROS↓ | |||||
Aloe vera | Tris-egg-yolk-citric-acid-fructose-glycerol extender | Bull semen | Progressive motility↑ | 4°C for 4 h, programmatically cool to −140°Cand transfer into LN | Singh et al. (2020b) |
Live spermatozoa↑ | |||||
Acrosomal integrity↑ | |||||
MDA↓ |
PVS2: plant vitrification solution 2:30% (w/v) glycerol, 15% (w/v) ethylene glycol and 15% (w/v) dimethyl sulphoxide.
Vitrification: a method for cryopreservation which can make the intracellular and extracellular environment form a glass-like shape, usually requiring high CPA concentration and rapid cooling (Rienzi et al., 2016).
TEYCAFG: Tris-Egg-Yolk-Citric-acid-Fructose-Glycerol extender.
DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide.
LN: Liquid nitrogen.
VS83: vitrification solution 83%:4.65 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 4.65 M formamide, and 3.30 M 1,2-propanediol.
Tris extender (Tris citric acid buffer 73 ml; fructose 1.25 g; egg yolk 20 ml; glycerol 7 ml; penicillin G sodium 80,000 IU; streptomycin 100 mg).
SpermFreeze: a commercial CPA(Vitrolife, Sweden).
Soybean lecithin-based extender: (3.07 g Tris, 1.26 g fructose, 1.68 g citric acid in 100 ml distilled water), soybean lecithin 1.5% (w/v) and glycerol 5% (v/v).
Triladyl: a commercial CPA (Minitub GmbH, Tiefenbach, Germany).
Extender II: 6 mM glucose, 600 mM Tris, 190 mM citric acid, 0.4 g/ml streptomycin, 2000 IU/ml penicillin, egg yolk (15%, v/v) and glycerol (5%, v/v) in 200 ml deionized water.
BotuCrio: a commercial CPA (Botupharma, Botucatu, SP, Brazil)ptidyl: a commercial CPA(Biovet, France).
Optidyl: a commercial CPA(Biovet, France).