Table 3.
Perioperative characteristics of hemorrhoidal laser procedure
| Study | Preoperative enema | Antibioprophylaxis (molecule) | Anesthesia (% with topical, local, spinal, analgesia, sedation, general, or without anesthesia) | Laser technique | Operation time (mean in minutes ± SD) | Hospitalization duration (mean in hours) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wavelength (nm), power (W), duration (s), pause (s) | Number of shots per hemorrhoidal node | Number of vessels treated (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Salfi et al. 9 | - | - | 100% without | 980, 10–25, -, - | 4 | - | - | -a |
| Giamundo et al. 17 | - | No | 90% without, 10% analgesia (Ketorolak and/or Paracetamol) | 980, 13, 1.2, 0.6 | 5 + 2b | 10.8 ± 1.2 | 9.5 ± 2.3 | 2-24c |
| Crea et al. 18 | Yes | Yes | 88.7% without, 11.3% analgesia (Ketorolac) | 980, 13, 1.2, 6 | 5 + 2b | 10 (5–13)d | 18 (12–40)d | 6-24c |
| De Nardi et al. 19 | Yes | Yes (Metronidazole) | 100% topical (Lidocaine/Prilocarpine), 37.3% sedation (Midazolam) | 980, 13, 1.2, 0.6 | 5 + 3b | 13 (10–15)d | 21.29 ± 5.6 | 0-6c |
| Boarini et al. 20 | - | Yes (Cefazolin) | 96.4% without, 3.6% sedation (Midazolam, Fentanyl) | 980, 13, 1.2, 0.6 | 5 + 1b | 10.1 (7–12)c | 9.9 (7–19)c | 4 |
| Giamundo et al. 21 | Yes |
Yes (26.4%) No (73.6%) |
86.6% topical (Lidocaine/Prilocarpine), 1.4% spinal or local, 12.0%: sedation (Midazolam) | 980, 13, 1.2, 0.6 | 5 + 3b | 12 | 15.5 (7–31)d | - |
| Giamundo et al. 22 | Yes | - |
HeLP: 100% without RBL: 100% without |
980, 13, 1.2 0.6 | 5 | - |
10 (7.8–11.2)d 8 (5.8–9.6)d |
-a |
nm nanometer, W watt, s second, SD standard deviation, “-” not available, HeLP hemorrhoidal laser procedure, RBL rubber band ligation
aDuration of the hospitalization not mentioned, but performed as outpatient procedure
bAdditional shots were given in case of persisting Doppler signal
cExpressed as range
dexpressed as median (with range)