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. 2021 Mar 11;11:5677. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83978-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cranial evidence for thalassemia at Man Bac. (a) Anterior protrusion of the zygomatic bones consistent with rodent facies (MB05M3, approx. 6 months old, antero-lateral aspect). (b) and (c) Diploic expansion of the cranial vault. There is no porosity on the ectocranium but hair-on-end formations are present on the endocranium (MB05M12, approx. 2 years, lateral aspect). (d) Marrow hyperplasia of the zygomatic bones (MB05M12, antero-posterior view). (e) Lack of pneumatization of the frontal sinus (MB07H1M1, approx. 12 years, antero-posterior view). (f) Rodent facies of the maxilla, mandible and zygoma (MB07H2M26, approx. 1.5 years, antero-superior aspect). (g) Severe cribra orbitalia (white circle) and diploic expansion of the crania (black arrow, antero-lateral aspect) (MB07H1M1). (h) Marrow hyperplasia of the left zygoma (MB07H1M1, lateral aspect). (i) and (j) Marrow hyperplasia of the maxilla (MB07H1M1, superior-inferior view). The expanse of the marrow hyperplasia is indicated by the white arrows.