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. 2021 Mar 11;4:48. doi: 10.1038/s41746-021-00417-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The process of doctors’ diagnosis of glaucoma. b The process of diagnosing glaucoma of the HDLS. This system includes three modules: The pre-diagnosis module is used for preliminary diagnosis based on the overall information of the fundus photographs. The image segmentation module is used to segment OD, OC, and RNFLD based on the pre-diagnostic results. For fundus photographs pre-diagnosed as glaucoma, a glaucoma-specific network is used to segment the OC. The final diagnosis module is used to calculate MCDR and ISNT-score based on the segmentation. Finally, these two indicators are used to make a final diagnosis in combination with the status of RNFLD. OD optic disc, OC optic cup, RNFLD retinal nerve fiber layer defects, MCDR mean cup-to-disk ratio, ISNT inferior, superior, nasal, temporal.