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. 2021 Mar 11;11:5629. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83615-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of the abatacept on the frequency of conventional (cTreg) and unconventional Tregs (uTreg) in the PBMCs of RA patients. (A,B) Percentage of cTreg (Foxp3⁺ cells within CD4⁺CD25⁺) and uTreg (Foxp3⁺ cells within CD4⁺CD25⁻) in the PBMCs of abatacept-treated and untreated RA patients, and in the healthy controls. Representative FACS data showing no significant difference in the frequency of these cells in PBMCs following treatment with the abatacept. (C,D) Percentage of LAG3⁺ cTreg (LAG3⁺ cells within CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺) and LAG3⁺ uTreg (LAG3⁺ cells within CD4+CD25⁻Foxp3⁺) cells in the PBMCs of abatacept-treated and untreated RA patients. Representative FACS data showing a significant increase in the population of these Tregs in PBMCs following treatment with the abatacept. (E,F) Percentage of LAG3⁺ cTregs and LAG3⁺ uTregs in the PBMCs of remitted and unremitted abatacept-treated RA patients. Representative FACS data shows an increasing pattern in the percentage of these Tregs in PBMCs following treatment with the abatacept. DAS28-CRP score lower than 2.6 indicates remission. Events were recorded and analysed by using BD FACSDiva version 8.0. Two-way comparison was done using t-test. ns non-significant. *P < 0.05.