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Consequences of stiffness changes for cardiomyocytes. The increase of ventricular cardiac stiffness results in reduced diastolic blood volume. Blue arrows indicate the ventricular diastolic expansion. A stiffer matrix can interfere with sarcomere assembly and leads to changes in cardiomyocyte behavior by affecting cellular contraction and traction forces. Changes in matrix stiffness also cause aberrant gene expression that alters the balance of cardiac versus ECM genes.
