Table 1.

Bioactive phytochemicals in Hyptis suaveolens and their pharmacological effects

Phytochemical constituents	Bioactive chemical compound	Pharmacological effect	References
Phenolics	Rosamarinic acid and Methyl rosamarinate	Antioxidative and anti-cancer property ( by acting as free radical scavenger, hydrogen donar, metal chelators), protects human body from free radicals and oxidative stress	[18, 22–27, 48, 49]
Flavonoids	Apigenin, Naringenin, Querecetin, Rutin	Hepatoprotective activity	[24, 35, 36]
	Hesperidin, Apigenin, Aluteolin	Anti-inflammatory and Anti-analgesic activity	[38, 39]
Terpenoids	Limonene, Diterpenoids Suaveolol, Suaveolic acid, 5 alpha-Androst-9(LL)-En-12	Antifungal activity, Antibacterial (Inhibits growth of Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria).	[39, 50–52]
	Diterpenoids 13alpha-epi-dioxiabiet-8(14)-en-ol	Antiplasmodic activity	[42, 53, 54]
	Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, terpinolene, sabinene, beta cryophillene	Larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus larvae.	[55]
	Urosolic acid	Antiviral activity against AIDS virus and SARC-CoV2 Virus	[5, 9, 44, 56–59]