Fig. 3. Characterization of the self-assembled Ti₃C₂T_x thin film as a transparent electrode.

a OM image of the assembled Ti₃C₂T_x thin film (scale bar: 10 μm); b AFM image and the height profile of the assembled Ti₃C₂T_x thin film in corresponding area marked in a (scale bar: 2 μm). c Thickness distributions extracted from the AFM image (top) and the OM image (bottom); the Y-axes are probability density, namely, frequency per unit height; d Transmittance spectra of Ti₃C₂T_x films with various concentrations of injected Ti₃C₂T_x; e Transmittance at 550 nm as a function of sheet resistance for the Ti₃C₂T_x films and data from previously reported transparent electrode technologies; RGO reduced graphene oxide, LB Langmuir–Blodgett. f Photograph of a Ti₃C₂Tx film deposited on a PET substrate that presents excellent transparency and flexibility.