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Biomarkers in the tongue coating microbiome prior to the onset of halitosis. (A) Microbiome alterations at the species level in the early stage. Comparison of the relative bacterial abundances on the species level using the LDA effect size (LEfSe) algorithm between the HB and CB groups. (B) The ROC for the prediction model. (C) The ROC curves for the final three biomarkers.
