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. 2021 Mar 11;11:5637. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85051-6

Table 1.

Epididymal white adipose tissue metabolome.

Metabolite name LD/LD-V WD/WD-V WD/LD-V WD/LD-T
(mean ± SD) (mean ± SD) (mean ± SD) (mean ± SD)
1-Monoolein1,a,b 3.73 ± 0.41 4.24 ± 0.24 4.24 ± 0.25 4.42 ± 0.23
5-Methoxytryptamine1,a,b,d 2.68 ± 0.16 3.44 ± 0.27 3.11 ± 0.37 3.54 ± 0.32
Anilineax,bx 1283.13 ± 746.82 683.50 ± 309.33 685.80 ± 156.52 484.40 ± 179.57
Aspartic aciddx 7391.38 ± 4162.76 30,892.17 ± 24,287.27 29,406.90 ± 16,253.93 59,051.50 ± 42,748.03
Benzoic acid 71,280.50 ± 59,311.67 28,965.67 ± 5,349.76 33,954.90 ± 14,962.07 20,891.90 ± 8390.10
Butylamineax,dx 2887.38 ± 2323.44 1146.83 ± 432.85 1298.90 ± 644.53 617.50 ± 339.61
Cholestenone1,a,b 1.86 ± 0.36 3.20 ± 0.49 2.68 ± 0.50 3.01 ± 0.50
Cysteine1,a 2.34 ± 0.59 3.07 ± 0.59 2.79 ± 0.37 3.27 ± 0.43
Cystine1,f+,c+, 2.70 ± 0.10 2.68 ± 0.26 2.92 ± 0.24 3.24 ± 0.26
Erythrono-1,4-lactone1,a,b 2.51 ± 0.09 2.76 ± 0.25 2.85 ± 0.14 2.80 ± 0.19
Fructose-6-phosphate1 3.32 ± 0.13 3.33 ± 0.27 3.49 ± 0.25 3.72 ± 0.26
Glycolic aciddx 7090.88 ± 1711.87 5927.17 ± 1515.89 5812.90 ± 1676.06 3674.50 ± 1428.89
Hypoxanthinebx 5839.13 ± 2467.30 11,304.83 ± 7272.84 16,410.90 ± 12,690.11 22,452.90 ± 7092.86
Inosinebx 7187.50 ± 1469.54 12,198.50 ± 5990.20 23,034.10 ± 18,366.01 25,718.90 ± 13,395.88
Leucined 76,138.63 ± 23,928.64 175,005.50 ± 83,715.30 177,467.90 ± 84,555.93 327,353.40 ± 188,924.60
Lysined 5826.25 ± 2183.29 10,479.83 ± 6329.03 9575.00 ± 3787.36 21,211.90 ± 11,587.18
Malic acidb 4684.00 ± 1737.87 7237.17 ± 2195.39 9317.50 ± 3930.47 9012.50 ± 2262.07
Methionined 9269.25 ± 2232.44 23,571.33 ± 12,213.49 21,099.60 ± 9325.22 38,675.60 ± 20,918.42
Nicotinamide-to-nicotinic acid ratio1,ax,dx 0.86 ± 0.29 1.22 ± 0.34 1.16 ± 0.25 1.54 ± 0.38
Nicotinic acid1,a 3.08 ± 0.28 2.71 ± 0.15 2.85 ± 0.18 2.61 ± 0.29
Palmitoleic acid1,a,b 4.19 ± 0.20 3.88 ± 0.11 4.01 ± 0.16 3.97 ± 0.12
Phenylacetic acida,d 552.63 ± 540.96 133.50 ± 33.06 223.10 ± 107.26 115.10 ± 32.78
Phenylalanineax,bx 18,226.75 ± 8088.40 44,509.50 ± 24,384.25 42,351.10 ± 21,380.39 80,573.40 ± 49,016.87
Salicylic acida,d 1935.88 ± 1707.85 518.33 ± 165.27 801.00 ± 445.89 316.50 ± 119.46
Threonic acida,b 2765.50 ± 1050.38 7609.50 ± 3811.13 7910.60 ± 4126.15 8273.60 ± 3525.86
Tryptophan1,a+,b,d 4.02 ± 0.10 4.26 ± 0.34 4.33 ± 0.19 4.61 ± 0.26
Tyrosine1,a,b,d 4.47 ± 0.13 4.80 ± 0.34 4.81 ± 0.22 5.11 ± 0.25
Uridinebx 499.25 ± 295.68 652.00 ± 471.50 1317.10 ± 1018.05 1969.00 ± 944.81
Valine1,a,b 4.55 ± 0.13 4.82 ± 0.25 4.85 ± 0.16 5.00 ± 0.19
Xanthined 1443.13 ± 1168.78 3351.33 ± 2797.43 4692.50 ± 2849.65 11,670.30 ± 6587.79
Xylulose1,b,d 2.58 ± 0.13 2.67 ± 0.14 2.76 ± 0.12 2.94 ± 0.24

Metabolite abundance (mean ± SD), as measured by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, for those with a significant effect of treatment group. Bolded metabolites comprise the EWAT metabolomic signature observed to be highly modulated in the obesogenic group relative to the lean control (Fig. 3). Statistical results from ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis tests are labeled with superscripts as follows: 'a' (and bolded), significant metabolite differences between lean and obese animals (LD/LD-V control vs. WD/WD-V control); 'b', significant metabolite differences attributed to a shift from WD to LD relative to the lean control (both WD/LD groups vs. LD/LD-V control); 'c', significant metabolite differences attributed to a shift from WD to LD relative to the obese control (both WD/LD groups vs. WD/WD-V control); and 'd', significant metabolite differences attributed to NNMTi treatment (WD/LD-T group vs. WD/LD-V group). Additionally, the superscript '1′ denotes data analyzed log transformed, with mean and SD reported log transformed accordingly; superscript ‘ + ’ denotes a significant result with FDR correction only; superscript ‘x’ denotes a significant result without FDR correction only. n = 6–8 per group. Ranges for each metabolite and additional details on statistical results can be found in Supplementary Table S5.