Figure 1.

PGG inhibitory effect on cell viability and cell growth in MM-231 and MM-468 TNBC cells. In cell viability studies, PGG concentrations of 3.125–200 µM were tested for 24 (A), 48, and 72-h (B) treatment periods. In proliferation assays, PGG concentrations of 1.56–200 µM were used. Taxol and doxorubicin (1 µM) were used as positive controls, and treated cells were maintained at 5% CO₂ and 37 °C for a 96-h incubation period (C and D). Data represent the mean ± SEM of 3 biological studies (n = 5). Differences between groups (control vs. treatments) were evaluated for statistical significance using a one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparison tests. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001, ns = p > 0.05.