Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study patients according to the early failure of AVF.
| Variables | Total (n = 501) | Early failure of AVF (n = 127) | Non-early failure of AVF (n = 374) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.4 ± 12.7 | 66.5 ± 12.3 | 62.4 ± 12.7 | 0.001* |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 287 (57.3) | 59 (46.5) | 228 (61.0) | |
| Female | 214 (42.7) | 68 (53.5) | 146 (39.0) | 0.004* |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 5.0 | 25.2 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 5.2 | 0.885 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 175 (34.9) | 53 (41.7) | 122 (32.6) | 0.063 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 129 (25.7) | 35 (27.6) | 94 (25.1) | 0.589 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 53 (10.6) | 17 (13.4) | 36 (9.6) | 0.234 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 365 (72.9) | 95 (74.8) | 270 (72.2) | 0.568 |
| Hypertension | 488 (97.4) | 126 (99.2) | 362 (96.8) | 0.138 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 220 (43.9) | 57 (44.9) | 163 (43.6) | 0.799 |
| Cardiomegaly (CTR > 0.5), n (%) | 337 (67.3) | 88 (69.3) | 249 (67.5) | 0.706 |
| Aortic arch calcification, n (%) | ||||
| Lower grade | 182 (36.3) | 22 (17.3) | 160 (43.2) | |
| Higher grade | 315 (62.9) | 105 (82.7) | 210 (56.8) | < 0.001* |
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | 69 (13.8) | 17 (13.8) | 52 (14.7) | 0.814 |
| Hepatitis B, n (%) | 48 (9.6) | 13 (10.7) | 35 (10.0) | 0.829 |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| WBC count (× 109/L) | 7.7 ± 2.6 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 7.6 ± 2.5 | 0.098 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 90.3 ± 11.8 | 89.5 ± 11.4 | 90.6 ± 11.9 | 0.380 |
| Corrected calcium (mmol/L) | 2.19 ± 0.19 | 2.21 ± 0.18 | 2.19 ± 0.19 | 0.188 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.88 ± 0.51 | 1.81 ± 0.50 | 1.90 ± 0.52 | 0.107 |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 34.8 ± 4.6 | 33.6 ± 4.7 | 35.3 ± 4.5 | < 0.001* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.46 ± 1.28 | 4.43 ± 1.71 | 4.47 ± 1.10 | 0.789 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.71 ± 1.02 | 1.80 ± 1.20 | 1.68 ± 0.96 | 0.285 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Anti-platelet agent | 182 (36.3) | 51 (40.2) | 131 (35.0) | 0.299 |
| ACEI/ARB | 372 (74.3) | 90 (70.9) | 282 (75.4) | 0.313 |
| Statin/fibrate | 156 (31.1) | 40 (31.7) | 116 (31.0) | 0.878 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or numbers (percentages).
AVF arteriovenous fistula, CTR cardiothoracic ratio, WBC white blood cell, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker.
*p < 0.05.