Table 2.
Associated factors of overall mortality among study patients by using Cox proportional hazards analysis.
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% C.I.) | p value | HR (95% C.I.) | p value | |
| Age (per 1 year increase) | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | < 0.001* | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | 0.007* |
| Sex (female vs male) | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 0.938 | ||
| Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.302 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 1.57 (1.12–2.19) | 0.009* | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.43 (0.99–2.07) | 0.055 | ||
| Peripheral artery disease | 2.13 (1.40–3.24) | < 0.001* | 1.69 (1.10–2.62) | 0.018* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.38 (0.94–2.03) | 0.105 | ||
| Hypertension | 1.03 (0.38–2.78) | 0.954 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) | 0.580 | ||
| Cardiomegaly (CTR > 0.5) | 1.92 (1.30–2.83) | 0.001* | 1.67 (1.10–2.54) | 0.017* |
| Aortic arch calcification (lower vs higher grade) | 2.07 (1.44–2.96) | < 0.001* | ||
| Hepatitis C | 1.27 (0.82–1.98) | 0.284 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 0.88 (0.51–1.53) | 0.647 | ||
| Laboratory test | ||||
| WBC count (per 109/L increase) | 1.04 (0.97–1.10) | 0.265 | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 0.037* |
| Hemoglobin (per 10 g/L decrease) | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) | 0.475 | ||
| Corrected calcium (per 0.25 mmol/L increase) | 1.41 (1.13–1.76) | 0.002* | 1.31 (1.00–1.72) | 0.048* |
| Phosphorus (per 0.323 mmol/L decrease) | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | < 0.001* | ||
| Serum albumin (per 10 g/L decrease) | 1.37 (0.99–1.90) | 0.061 | ||
| Total cholesterol (per 0.26 mmol/L decrease) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 0.006* | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.003* |
| Triglyceride (per 0.11 mmol/L increase) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.463 | ||
| Medications | ||||
| Anti-platelet agent | 1.19 (0.85–1.66) | 0.313 | ||
| ACEI/ARB | 0.88 (0.62–1.24) | 0.454 | ||
| Statin/fibrate | 0.95 (0.66–1.35) | 0.754 | ||
| Early failure of AVF | 1.71 (1.20–2.43) | 0.003* | 1.54 (1.06–2.24) | 0.023* |
CTR cardiothoracic ratio, WBC white blood cell, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, AVF arteriovenous fistula.
*p < 0.05.