Table 3.
Associated factors of cardiovascular mortality among study patients by using Cox proportional hazards analysis.
| Variables | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% C.I.) | p value | HR (95% C.I.) | p value | |
| Age (per 1 year increase) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 0.011* | 1.03 (1.00–1.05) | 0.028* |
| Sex (female vs male) | 1.04 (0.62–1.74) | 0.881 | ||
| Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2 increase) | 0.98 (0.92–1.03) | 0.378 | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 2.40 (1.44–4.00) | 0.001* | 2.15 (1.27–3.66) | 0.005* |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.42 (0.80–2.53) | 0.233 | ||
| Peripheral artery disease | 3.09 (1.69–5.63) | < 0.001* | 2.96 (1.61–5.46) | < 0.001* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.54 (1.21–5.35) | 0.014* | ||
| Hypertension | 1.65 (0.23–11.89) | 0.621 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.13 (0.68–1.87) | 0.644 | ||
| Cardiomegaly (CTR > 0.5) | 2.26 (1.22–4.18) | 0.010* | ||
| Aortic arch calcification (lower vs higher grade) | 1.86 (1.09–3.19) | 0.024* | ||
| Hepatitis C | 1.02 (0.48–2.14) | 0.970 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 0.87 (0.37–2.02) | 0.739 | ||
| Laboratory test | ||||
| WBC count (per 109/L increase) | 1.07 (0.99–1.18) | 0.122 | ||
| Hemoglobin (per 10 g/L decrease) | 1.22 (0.97–1.55) | 0.092 | 1.29 (1.00–1.64) | 0.046* |
| Corrected calcium (per 0.25 mmol/L increase) | 1.26 (0.90–1.76) | 0.180 | ||
| Phosphorus (per 0.323 mmol/L decrease) | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | 0.183 | ||
| Serum albumin (per 10 g/L decrease) | 1.47 (0.89–2.43) | 0.133 | ||
| Total cholesterol (per 0.26 mmol/L decrease) | 1.08 (1.00–1.15) | 0.042* | ||
| Triglyceride (per 0.11 mmol/L increase) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.617 | ||
| Medications | ||||
| Anti-platelet agent | 1.51 (0.91–2.50) | 0.113 | ||
| ACEI/ARB | 0.87 (0.50–1.52) | 0.625 | ||
| Statin/fibrate | 1.17 (0.69–1.98) | 0.555 | ||
| Early failure of AVF | 1.35 (0.76–2.39) | 0.307 | ||
CTR cardiothoracic ratio, WBC white blood cell, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, AVF arteriovenous fistula.
*p < 0.05.