Table 5.
Incidence of ≥grade 2 hepatic and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) according to dose-volumetric parameters (n = 68).
| < Grade 2 hepatic AEs, n (%) | ≥Grade 2 hepatic AEs, n (%) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiation dose, Gy10 | μ ±σ | 76.3 ± 18.1 | 59.8 ± 19.2 | 0.038* |
| Planning target volume, cm3 | μ ±σ | 71.9 ±116.2 | 220.5 ± 230.6 | 0.225* |
| Total liver (TL) volume, cm3 | μ ±σ | 1243.1 ± 327.0 | 1265.0 ± 261.1 | 0.884* |
| TLV30Gy, % | μ ±σ | 10.1 ± 7.9 | 18.7 ± 4.8 | 0.020* |
| ≤ 15 | 53 (98.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.005† | |
| >15 | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | ||
| Remaining liver (RL)‡ volume, cm3 | μ ±σ | 1208.9 ± 317.1 | 1200.6 ± 246.3 | 0.954* |
| RLV30Gy, % | μ ±σ | 8.5 ± 6.6 | 14.2 ± 3.4 | 0.061* |
| ≤ 10 | 52 (98.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.007† | |
| >10 | 11 (73.3) | 4 (26.7) | ||
| RLAV30Gy, cm3 | μ ±σ | 1106.2 ± 301.5 | 1033.4 ± 239.8 | 0.601* |
| < Grade 2 GI AEs, n (%) | ≥Grade 2 GI AEs, n (%) | p-value | ||
| Radiation dose, Gy10 | μ ±σ | 77.4 ± 18.1 | 55.7 ± 10.7 | <0.001* |
| Planning target volume, cm3 | μ ±σ | 60.3 ± 101.9 | 316.5 ± 179.2 | 0.017* |
| GIV45Gy, cm3 | μ ±σ | 0.7 ± 2.9 | 1.5 ±1.7 | 0.498* |
| ≤ 1.0 | 56 (94.9) | 3 (5.1) | 0.027† | |
| >1.0 | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | ||
| GIV50Gy, cm3 | μ ±σ | 0.3 ± 1.8 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.911* |
| GIDmax, Gy10 | μ ±σ | 28.8 ± 15.2 | 48.7 ± 6.9 | <0.001* |
| ≤ 45.0 | 50 (92.2) | 2 (3.8) | 0.024† | |
| >45.0 | 12 (75.0) | 4 (25.0) |
μ, mean; σ, standard deviation; n, number of patients; ECOG PS, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status; HBV, hepatitis B virus; AFP, α-fetoprotein; Tx, treatment; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; PEI; percutaneous ethanol injection; SR, surgical resection; SAT, systemic anticancer therapy; RT, radiotherapy; 3DCRT, 3-dimensional conformal RT; IMRT, intensity-modulated RT; SBRT, stereotactic body RT; PBT, proton beam RT; TLV30Gy, relative volume of the total liver receiving ≥30 Gy3; RLV30Gy, relative volume of the remaining liver receiving ≥30 Gy3; RLAV30Gy, absolute volume of the remaining liver receiving <30 Gy3; GIV45Gy and GIV50Gy, absolute volume of gastrointestinal (GI) organs receiving ≥45 Gy10 and ≥50 Gy10, respectively; GIDmax, delivered radiation dose to GI organs. CI, confidence interval.
t-test.
Fisher's exact test.