Table 6.
Studies on non-surgical treatments for HCC in the caudate lobe.
| References | Tumor size, cm | LP rate, % | OS rate, % | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modality | n | CPC, % | Median (range) | 1-y | 2-y | 3-y | 5-y | 1-y | 2-y | 3-y | 5-y | Adverse events (AEs) | |
| Liu et al. (13) | RFA | 33 | A, 91.8 | 2.6 ± 1.1§ (1.0–5.0) | 17.3 | - | 37.3 | 37.3 | 79.4 | 43.7 | 11.2 | 5.5% major AEs | |
| PEI | 23 | B, 8.2 | |||||||||||
| RFA+PEI | 17 | ||||||||||||
| Nishigaki et al. (14) | RFA | 20 | - | 1.7 ± 0.5§ ( ≤ 3) | - | 22.3 | 22.3 | - | - | - | - | - | No major AEs |
| Peng et al. (16) | RFA±PEI | 17 | A, 52.9 | 3.1 (2.0–6.5) | - | 14.5* | - | - | 88 | 80 | 72‡ | - | 23.5% hematuria |
| B, 47.1 | |||||||||||||
| Kariyama et al. (11) | RFA | 50 | - | 1.1 (0.5–4.0) | 12 | 12 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | No major AEs |
| Fujimori et al. (17) | RFA+TACE | 20 | A, 65 | 2.2 ± 0.2§ (0.8–5.0) | 6.3 | - | 13.5 | 13,5 | 94.4 | - | 86.6 | 67.5 | 10 % major AEs |
| B, 35 | |||||||||||||
| Hyun et al. (20) | TACE+RFA | 14 | A, 78.6 | –( ≤ 2) | 0 | - | 12.5 | 12.5 | 100 | - | 80.8 | 80.8 | No major AEs |
| B, 21.4 | |||||||||||||
| Lee et al. (12) | RFA | 43 | A, 95.3 | 2.0 ± 0.9§ | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | - | 97.1 | 94 | 80.7 | - | 7% ≥G3 AEs |
| B, 4.7 | |||||||||||||
| TACE | 31 | A, 90.3 | 2.0 ± 1.2§ | 18.6 | 32.9 | 38.5 | - | 89 | 80.8 | 62 | - | 0% ≥G3 AEs | |
| B, 9.7 | |||||||||||||
| Shibata et al. (15) | PEI±TACE | 25 | A, 60 | 2.4 (1.4–5) | 28* | - | - | - | 70.6 | 60.2 | 48.1 | 16.0 | No major AEs |
| B, 36 | |||||||||||||
| C, 4 | |||||||||||||
| Dou et al. (10) | MWA | 20 | A, 85 | 2.4 ± 0.9§ (1.1–4.8) | 16.7* | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | No major AEs |
| B, 15 | |||||||||||||
| Kim et al. (18) | TACE | 40 | A, 72.5 | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | 51 | - | 64 | - | 92 | 79 | 65 | 56 | Not reported |
| B, 27.5 | |||||||||||||
| Terayama et al. (19) | TACE | 13 | A, 53.8 | 2.5 (0.5–4) | 75† | - | - | - | 89 | - | 74 | - | Not reported |
| B, 23.1 | |||||||||||||
| C, 23.1 | |||||||||||||
| Present study | RT | 70 | A, 90 | 2.0 (1.0–8.2) | 6.1 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 19.4 | 85.6 | 73.6 | 68.8 | 51.3 | 5.7% ≥ G3 AEs |
| B, 10 | |||||||||||||
n, number; CPC, child-pugh classification; LP, local progression; y, year; MWA, microwave ablation; n, number of patients; ECOG PS, eastern cooperative oncology group performance status; HBV, hepatitis B virus; AFP, α-fetoprotein; Tx, treatment; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; RFA, radiofrequency ablation; PEI; percutaneous ethanol injection; SR, surgical resection; SAT, systemic anticancer therapy; RT, radiotherapy; 3DCRT, 3-dimensional conformal RT; IMRT, intensity-modulated RT; SBRT, stereotactic body RT; PBT, proton beam RT; TLV30Gy, relative volume of the total liver receiving ≥30 Gy3; RLV30Gy, relative volume of the remaining liver receiving ≥30 Gy3; RLAV30Gy, absolute volume of the remaining liver receiving <30 Gy3; GIV45Gy and GIV50Gy, absolute volume of gastrointestinal (GI) organs receiving ≥45 Gy10 and ≥50 Gy10, respectively; GIDmax, delivered radiation dose to GI organs. CI, confidence interval.
Overall rate.
6 months.
4-year.
Mean ± standard deviation.