. 2021 Feb 26;12:608730. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.608730

Table 7.

Correlations between personality factors and COVID-19 impacts among the study population (N = 1,319, 744 females and 575 males).

COVID-19-related impacts	Personality factors
	N		E		O		A		C
	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P	r	P
1. Precautions to avoid COVID-19 infection
Wash and disinfect hands more frequently: Total	−0.056	0.043	0.152	^**	−0.009	0.737	0.010	0.711	0.157	^**
Jordan	−0.115	0.035	0.135	0.013	−0.051	0.346	0.110	0.043	0.149	0.006
KSA	−0.076	0.168	0.181	0.001	−0.025	0.647	−0.041	0.459	0.213	^**
Palestine	0.021	0.700	0.152	0.006	0.002	0.978	−0.040	0.467	0.176	0.001
UK	−0.079	0.158	0.146	0.009	0.057	0.308	0.015	0.793	0.117	0.035
Strict social distancing application: Total	0.021	0.439	0.059	0.031	0.070	0.011	0.039	0.154	0.118	^**
Jordan	−0.010	0.853	0.070	0.196	−0.013	0.808	0.051	0.350	0.093	0.088
KSA	0.101	0.067	−0.012	0.826	0.078	0.158	−0.012	0.832	0.200	^**
Palestine	0.047	0.397	0.046	0.408	0.038	0.497	−0.007	0.897	0.052	0.350
UK	−0.055	0.326	0.132	0.018	0.148	0.008	0.118	0.034	0.150	0.007
Crowded area avoidance: Total	−0.026	0.351	0.064	0.021	0.035	0.208	0.086	0.002	0.166	^**
Jordan	−0.031	0.570	0.111	0.041	−0.060	0.271	0.089	0.100	0.235	^**
KSA	−0.057	0.304	0.041	0.455	0.113	0.040	0.097	0.079	0.292	^**
Palestine	0.053	0.340	0.013	0.821	0.056	0.310	0.072	0.197	0.073	0.186
UK	−0.075	0.182	0.093	0.097	0.017	0.764	0.076	0.172	0.090	0.107
Avoidance of contact with people or their pets: Total	0.037	0.174	0.027	0.323	−0.045	0.100	0.006	0.836	0.118	^**
Jordan	−0.027	0.615	0.023	0.673	−0.117	0.031	0.104	0.057	0.121	0.026
KSA	−0.024	0.667	0.029	0.598	−0.059	0.285	0.015	0.781	0.200	^**
Palestine	0.104	0.060	0.012	0.827	0.002	0.972	0.008	0.883	0.120	0.031
UK	0.102	0.067	0.048	0.388	−0.022	0.696	−0.107	0.055	0.031	0.576
Daily habit changes: Total	−0.002	0.952	0.135	^**	0.011	0.690	−0.009	0.752	0.112	^**
Jordan	0.033	0.548	0.066	0.226	−0.023	0.675	0.028	0.606	0.034	0.530
KSA	−0.061	0.271	0.194	^**	−0.068	0.216	−0.091	0.098	0.173	0.002
Palestine	−0.001	0.980	0.122	0.027	0.066	0.231	−0.012	0.830	0.130	0.019
UK	0.037	0.503	0.152	0.006	0.050	0.369	0.042	0.457	0.121	0.031
2. Feeling behavioral changes and distress
Stress is more: Total	0.415	^**	−0.087	0.002	0.031	0.267	−0.173	^**	−0.136	^**
Jordan	0.357	^**	−0.180	0.001	−0.003	0.961	−0.062	0.254	−0.117	0.032
KSA	0.370	^**	0.039	0.484	0.076	0.167	−0.257	^**	−0.134	0.015
Palestine	0.495	^**	−0.089	0.110	0.097	0.080	−0.161	0.004	−0.116	0.036
UK	0.447	^**	−0.129	0.021	−0.095	0.089	−0.221	^**	−0.184	0.001
Depression is more: Total	0.433	^**	−0.146	^**	0.027	0.333	−0.181	^**	−0.196	^**
Jordan	0.379	^**	−0.220	^**	0.030	0.581	−0.057	0.297	−0.161	0.003
KSA	0.431	^**	−0.038	0.486	0.068	0.219	−0.279	^**	−0.186	0.001
Palestine	0.505	^**	−0.138	0.013	0.078	0.160	−0.171	^**	−0.161	0.003
UK	0.434	^**	−0.189	0.001	−0.134	0.016	−0.246	^**	−0.274	^**
Sad is more: Total	0.406	^**	−0.103	^**	0.006	0.836	−0.179	^**	−0.166	^**
Jordan	0.404	^**	−0.188	0.001	−0.006	0.911	−0.099	0.068	−0.123	0.023
KSA	0.348	^**	0.006	0.910	0.037	0.498	−0.283	^**	−0.142	0.010
Palestine	0.460	^**	−0.114	0.039	0.037	0.499	−0.182	0.001	−0.143	0.010
UK	0.417	^**	−0.119	0.033	−0.095	0.089	−0.182	0.001	−0.240	^**
Worry more about the future: Total	0.373	^**	−0.075	0.007	0.053	0.055	−0.150	^**	−0.134	^**
Jordan	0.348	^**	−0.152	0.005	−0.010	0.852	−0.058	0.289	−0.089	0.100
KSA	0.351	^**	0.053	0.335	0.070	0.203	−0.221	^**	−0.153	0.005
Palestine	0.478	^**	−0.130	0.019	0.095	0.085	−0.202	^**	−0.149	0.007
UK	0.340	^**	−0.076	0.171	−0.019	0.735	−0.151	0.007	−0.129	0.020
Feel more lonely after COVID-19: Total	0.319	^**	−0.080	0.004	0.058	0.035	−0.170	^**	−0.186	^**
Jordan	0.305	^**	−0.179	0.001	0.038	0.486	−0.122	0.025	−0.111	0.042
KSA	0.292	^**	0.056	0.308	0.079	0.151	−0.219	^**	−0.233	^**
Palestine	0.357	^**	−0.049	0.381	0.092	0.095	−0.192	^**	−0.127	0.021
UK	0.331	^**	−0.147	0.008	−0.033	0.556	−0.181	0.001	−0.229	^**
3. Fears and concerns
Afraid to get COVID-19: Total	0.218	^**	0.042	0.123	−0.001	0.957	−0.112	^**	−0.102	^**
Jordan	0.127	0.019	−0.023	0.670	0.045	0.407	−0.027	0.617	−0.018	0.744
KSA	0.266	^**	0.097	0.077	−0.012	0.825	−0.273	^**	−0.167	0.002
Palestine	0.278	^**	0.068	0.219	−0.070	0.206	−0.047	0.396	−0.027	0.622
UK	0.199	^**	0.022	0.690	0.007	0.895	−0.107	0.054	−0.172	0.002
Afraid of lack of healthcare due to COVID-19: Total	0.218	^**	−0.006	0.819	0.004	0.876	−0.136	^**	−0.093	0.001
Jordan	0.090	0.097	−0.040	0.461	0.008	0.888	−0.098	0.071	−0.103	0.059
KSA	0.186	0.001	0.092	0.093	0.003	0.957	−0.223	^**	−0.206	^**
Palestine	0.347	^**	−0.040	0.476	−0.015	0.792	−0.158	0.004	0.039	0.485
UK	0.281	^**	−0.053	0.339	−0.086	0.122	−0.094	0.091	−0.074	0.187
Afraid to lose my job: Total	0.170	^**	0.008	0.758	0.026	0.349	−0.068	0.014	−0.034	0.222
Jordan	0.079	0.144	−0.009	0.876	0.010	0.858	−0.063	0.249	0.039	0.479
KSA	0.173	0.002	0.049	0.373	−0.025	0.653	−0.142	0.010	−0.139	0.011
Palestine	0.279	^**	−0.028	0.619	0.011	0.841	−0.118	0.033	−0.026	0.643
UK	0.156	0.005	0.025	0.651	0.053	0.344	0.041	0.460	0.001	0.984
Afraid of separation from my family or beloved ones: Total	0.299	^**	−0.030	0.281	−0.010	0.713	−0.132	^**	−0.037	0.175
Jordan	0.201	^**	−0.091	0.093	−0.007	0.899	−0.010	0.854	−0.038	0.490
KSA	0.311	^**	0.077	0.160	0.032	0.565	−0.327	^**	−0.117	0.033
Palestine	0.358	^**	−0.029	0.607	0.059	0.284	−0.060	0.276	0.002	0.970
UK	0.337	^**	−0.080	0.150	−0.201	^**	−0.144	0.010	^**	0.998
Afraid food and necessary things will not be available: Total	0.272	^**	0.015	0.596	−0.009	0.751	−0.171	^**	−0.107	^**
Jordan	0.259	^**	−0.037	0.497	0.039	0.474	−0.087	0.111	−0.095	0.081
KSA	0.202	^**	0.077	0.160	0.016	0.770	−0.236	^**	−0.212	^**
Palestine	0.389	^**	0.023	0.685	−0.024	0.667	−0.123	0.026	−0.008	0.884
UK	0.280	^**	−0.018	0.743	−0.155	0.005	−0.238	^**	−0.104	0.063
Worried about contamination of food or water source with COVID-19 virus: Total	0.236	^**	0.064	0.020	−0.022	0.415	−0.127	^**	0.013	0.629
Jordan	0.217	^**	0.041	0.456	0.057	0.294	−0.041	0.447	0.011	0.834
KSA	0.209	^**	0.182	0.001	0.065	0.241	−0.187	0.001	−0.012	0.824
Palestine	0.239	^**	−0.004	0.945	−0.033	0.550	−0.066	0.237	0.102	0.065
UK	0.288	^**	0.033	0.554	−0.181	0.001	−0.191	0.001	−0.073	0.194
Afraid of economic effects on me and my family: Total	0.224	^**	0.005	0.852	0.055	0.046	−0.088	0.001	0.008	0.770
Jordan	0.153	0.005	0.013	0.806	0.094	0.085	−0.015	0.784	0.019	0.733
KSA	0.262	^**	0.116	0.036	0.092	0.094	−0.160	0.003	−0.083	0.131
Palestine	0.325	^**	−0.067	0.228	0.006	0.915	−0.163	0.003	0.094	0.088
UK	0.182	0.001	−0.061	0.278	−0.032	0.573	−0.016	0.773	0.008	0.891
Afraid of punishment if one violates or does not comply with authority measures: Total	0.187	^**	0.100	^**	−0.068	0.014	−0.087	0.002	0.032	0.246
Jordan	0.189	^**	0.056	0.303	−0.049	0.370	−0.050	0.362	0.006	0.907
KSA	0.184	0.001	0.144	0.009	−0.069	0.211	−0.120	0.029	0.058	0.295
Palestine	0.127	0.021	0.123	0.027	−0.059	0.284	−0.064	0.250	0.067	0.225
UK	0.228	^**	0.092	0.098	−0.033	0.557	−0.093	0.095	−0.008	0.889
Worried about safety of myself and my family: Total	0.256	^**	−0.001	0.970	0.051	0.066	−0.145	^**	−0.016	0.555
Jordan	0.262	^**	−0.052	0.337	0.013	0.816	−0.075	0.167	−0.033	0.545
KSA	0.267	^**	0.068	0.216	0.104	0.060	−0.262	^**	−0.094	0.089
Palestine	0.321	^**	−0.067	0.225	0.061	0.268	−0.123	0.026	0.028	0.619
UK	0.195	^**	0.030	0.587	−0.051	0.360	−0.134	0.016	0.030	0.586
4. Effects on opinions and beliefs
Health authorities are not transparent regarding COVID-19: Total	0.199	^**	−0.069	0.012	0.027	0.321	−0.168	^**	−0.099	^**
Jordan	0.189	^**	−0.088	0.104	−0.016	0.769	−0.156	0.004	−0.111	0.041
KSA	0.168	0.002	−0.033	0.550	0.029	0.596	−0.226	^**	−0.232	^**
Palestine	0.269	^**	−0.150	0.007	0.045	0.415	−0.191	0.001	−0.020	0.721
UK	0.222	^**	−0.021	0.706	−0.100	0.073	−0.148	0.008	−0.010	0.852
Home self-isolation is acceptable: Total	0.027	0.329	0.059	0.031	−0.011	0.679	0.065	0.018	0.141	^**
Jordan	0.044	0.418	0.053	0.327	0.023	0.679	0.110	0.043	0.134	0.014
KSA	−0.021	0.707	0.088	0.110	0.032	0.567	0.013	0.812	0.196	^**
Palestine	0.086	0.122	0.009	0.875	−0.006	0.914	0.120	0.030	0.100	0.071
UK	−0.042	0.448	0.089	0.112	−0.013	0.816	0.025	0.649	0.183	0.001
Imposing curfews is acceptable: Total	0.042	0.127	0.052	0.059	−0.021	0.449	0.055	0.044	0.138	^**
Jordan	0.079	0.147	0.056	0.302	−0.018	0.739	0.063	0.245	0.135	0.013
KSA	−0.037	0.497	0.053	0.333	0.074	0.181	0.110	0.045	0.229	^**
Palestine	0.084	0.131	0.057	0.304	−0.005	0.927	0.110	0.046	0.057	0.302
UK	0.006	0.909	0.051	0.357	−0.046	0.414	−0.028	0.613	0.150	0.007
People communication will change after COVID-19: Total	0.084	0.002	0.029	0.288	0.036	0.194	−0.074	0.007	0.007	0.803
Jordan	0.073	0.182	−0.023	0.667	0.019	0.727	0.033	0.540	0.030	0.579
KSA	0.104	0.060	0.128	0.020	−0.014	0.806	−0.223	^**	−0.116	0.035
Palestine	0.199	^**	−0.028	0.615	0.024	0.670	−0.178	0.001	0.066	0.231
UK	−0.001	0.983	0.023	0.684	0.046	0.413	0.053	0.340	0.055	0.329

N, neuroticism; E, extraversion; O, openness; A, agreeableness; C, conscientiousness; r, Spearman Rho correlation coefficient; P, two-tailed probability value.

^**

P <0.0001.