Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With AIH-ACLF Stratified by Transplant-Free Survival Status.
| Variable | Survivors (n = 10) | Death/transplant (n = 19) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 28.6 ± 9.6 | 40.6 ± 17.6 | 0.024 |
| Men | 4 (40%) | 6 (31.6%) | 0.65 |
| Duration of jaundice | 45 (30–66) | 40 (25–60) | 0.604 |
| Ascites at presentation | 10 (100%) | 19 (100%) | – |
| EGD | |||
| No varices | 3 (30%) | 0 (0%) | 0.024 |
| Low risk | 5 (50%) | 6 (31.6%) | |
| High risk | 2 (20%) | 13 (68.5%) | |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 8.2 (6.7–10) | 12 (8–18) | 0.126 |
| AST (IU/dl) | 148 (68–175) | 200 (120–280) | 0.126 |
| ALT (IU/dl) | 88 (78–120) | 164 (120–246) | 0.04 |
| ALP (IU/dl) | 205 (170–280) | 244 (205–300) | 0.247 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 0.042 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.236 |
| INR | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.086 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 9.5 ± 1.4 | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 0.851 |
| TLC (mm3) | 6600 (4800–9300) | 5500 (4200–5600) | 0.062 |
| Platelet (X1000/mm3) | 88 (80–120) | 80 (78–96) | 0.429 |
| ANA titre (1:80 or more) | 2 (20%) | 13 (68.4%) | 0.013 |
| IgG levels (upto 1.6 g/dl) | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.796 |
| Acute precipitant | 0.373 | ||
|
8 (80%) | 17 (89.5%) | |
|
1 (10%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
|
1 (10%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
| Baseline prognostic scores | |||
| CLIF-OF score | 7 (7–8) | 8 (7–10) | 0.031 |
| CTPscore | 10 (9–10) | 11 (11–12) | 0.001 |
| MELD score | 21.5 (18–23) | 25 (22–29) | 0.008 |
| MELD sodium score | 22 (18–25) | 27 (24–30) | 0.005 |
| Liver biopsy findings | |||
| Modified HAI | 7 (6–8) | 7 (5–8) | 0.982 |
| Bile duct injury | 7 (70%) | 10 (52.6%) | 0.367 |
| Intracytoplasmic/intracanalicular cholestasis | 4 (40%) | 8 (42.1%) | 0.913 |
| F4 fibrosis | 10 (100%) | 19 (100%) | |
| Outcomes | |||
| Duration of follow-up/event (days) | 180 (120–360) | 60 (60–140) | <0.001 |
| Liver transplant | 0 (0%) | 3 (15.8%) | |
| Infections | 1 (10%) | 11 (57.9%) | 0.013 |
|
0 (0%) | 1 (5.3%) | |
|
0 (0%) | 2 (10.5%) | |
|
1 (10%) | 8 (42.1%) | |
| Biochemical remission | 7 (70%) | 1 (5.3%) | <0.001 |
Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for quantitative variables and n (%) for qualitative variables unless otherwise specified. List of abbreviations: ACLF, acute on chronic liver failure; AKI, acute kidney injury; ANA, antinuclear antibody; ASMA, anti-smooth muscle antibody; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CLIF-OF, chronic liver failure-organ failure; CTP, Child–Turcotte–Pugh; GI bleed, gastrointestinal bleed; HAI, histological activity index; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; IgG, immunoglobulin G; INR, international normalised ratio; LKM-1, liver–kidney microsome; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; TLC, total leucocyte count.