Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients With AIH-ACLF Stratified by Whether or Not Incident Infections Occurred.
| Variables | No incident infections (n = 17) | Incident infections (n = 12) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.4 ± 17.2 | 38 ± 15.1 | 0.672 |
| Males | 8 (47.1%) | 2 (16.7%) | 0.09 |
| Duration of jaundice (days) | 45 (20–66) | 40 (30–60) | 0.602 |
| Ascites at presentation | 17 (100%) | 12 (100%) | – |
| EGD | 0.088 | ||
|
3 (17.6%) | 0 (0%) | |
|
7 (41.2%) | 4 (33.3%) | |
|
7 (41.2%) | 8 (66.7%) | |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 10 (8–15) | 9.7 (7.6–17.5) | 0.948 |
| AST (IU/dl) | 142 (112–175) | 242.5 (135–353.5) | 0.059 |
| ALT (IU/dl) | 120 (78–164) | 199 (110–246) | 0.088 |
| ALP (IU/dl) | 220 (180–286) | 242 (218.5–300) | 0.37 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 0.195 |
| INR | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 0.655 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dl) | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 9.5 ± 1.6 | 0.934 |
| TLC (mm3) | 5600 (4300–6600) | 5550 (4340–6200) | |
| Platelet (X1000/mm3) | 90 (80–120) | 80 (63–85) | 0.021 |
| ANA (≥1:80) | 7 (41.2%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.176 |
| IgG (g/dl) | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 0.317 |
| Acute variceal bleed | 2 (11.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.765 |
| Acute precipitant | 0.286 | ||
|
16 (94.1%) | 9 (75%) | |
|
1 (5.9%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
|
0 (0%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| Baseline prognostic scores | |||
| CLIF-OF | 8 (7–9) | 8 (7–9.5) | 0.647 |
| CTPscore | 10 (10–11) | 11 (10–11.5) | 0.211 |
| MELD | 23 (20–27) | 24.5 (22–27.5) | 0.471 |
| Liver biopsy findings | |||
| HAI | 8 (7–8) | 6 (0–8) | 0.117 |
| Bile duct injury | 11 (64.7%) | 6 (50%) | 0.426 |
| Intracytoplasmic/intracanalicular Cholestasis |
7 (41.2%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.979 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Duration of follow-up (days) | 120 (60–180) | 75 (60–155) | 0.283 |
| Transplant-free survival | 9 (52.9%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.029 |
| Transplants | 2 (11.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.43 |
| Biochemical remission | 7 (41.2%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.051 |
Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for quantitative variables and n (%) for qualitative variables unless otherwise specified. List of abbreviations: ACLF, acute on chronic liver failure; AKI, acute kidney injury; ANA, antinuclear antibody; ASMA, anti-smooth muscle antibody; ALT, alanine transaminase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate transaminase; CLIF-OF, chronic liver failure-organ failure; CTP, Child–Turcotte–Pugh; GI bleed, gastrointestinal bleed; HAI, histological activity index; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; IgG, immunoglobulin G; INR, international normalised ratio; LKM-1, liver–kidney microsome; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; TLC, total leucocyte count.