Table 2.
GLP-1 RAs: summary of head-to-head clinical trials.
| Study | Study size and duration | Baseline characteristics |
Background therapy | Active comparators | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (years) | A1C (%) | Weight (kg); BMI (kg/m2) | Duration of diabetes (years) | ||||
| LEAD-6 (Buse et al.)13 | N = 464, 26 weeks | 57 | 8.1 | 93; 32.9 | 8.2 | Metformin, SU, or both | Exenatide 10 mcg BID Liraglutide 1.8 mg QD |
| DURATION-1 (Drucker et al.)14 | N = 295, 30 weeks | 55 | 8.3 | 102; 35 | 6.7 | Drug naïve or metformin, SU, TZD or a combination of two of those agents | Exenatide 10 mcg BID Exenatide 2 mg QW |
| DURATION-5 (Blevins et al.)15 | N = 252, 24 weeks | 56 | 8.4 | 96; 33.3 | 7 | Drug naïve or metformin, SU, TZD or any combination | Exenatide 10 mcg BID Exenatide 2 mg QW |
| DURATION-6 (Buse et al.)16 | N = 911, 26 weeks | 57 | 8.5 | 91; 32.3 | 8.5 | Metformin, SU, both, or metformin + pioglitazone | Exenatide 2 mg QW Liraglutide 1.8 mg QD |
| GetGoal-X (Rosenstock et al.)17 | N = 634, 24 weeks | 57 | 8.0 | 95; 33.6 | 6.8 | Metformin | Lixisenatide 20 mcg QD Exenatide 10 mcg BID |
| Liraglutide versus Lixisenatide (Nauck et al.)18 | N = 404 26 weeks | 56 | 8.4 | 101.2; 34.7 | 6.4 | Metformin | Liraglutide 1.8 mg QD Lixisenatide 20 mcg QD |
| AWARD-1 (Wysham et al.)19 | N = 978, 52 weeks | 56 | 8.1 | 96; 33 | 9 | Metformin + pioglitazone | Dulaglutide 1.5 mg QW Dulaglutide 0.75 mg QW Exenatide 10 mcg BID Placebo |
| AWARD-6 (Dungan et al.)20 | N = 599, 26 weeks | 57 | 8.1 | 94; 33.5 | 7.2 | Metformin | Dulaglutide 1.5 mg QW Liraglutide 1.8 mg QD |
| SUSTAIN-3 (Ahmann et al.)21 | N = 813, 56 weeks | 57 | 8.3 | 96; 34 | 9.2 | Metformin, SU, TZD | Semaglutide 1.0 mg QW Exenatide 2 mg QW |
| SUSTAIN-7 (Pratley et al.)22 | N = 1201, 40 weeks | 56 | 8.2 | 95; 33.5 | 7.4 | Metformin | Semaglutide 0.5 mg QW Semaglutide 1.0 mg QW Dulaglutide 0.75 mg QW Dulaglutide 1.0 mg QW |
| SUSTAIN-10 (Capehorn et al.)23 | N = 577, 30 weeks | 59.5 | 8.2 | 97; 33.7 | 9.3 | Metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitor, SU, DPP-4 inhibitor, AG | Semaglutide 1 mg QW Liraglutide 1.2 mg QD |
| PIONEER-4 (Pratley et al.)24 | N = 711, 52 weeks | 56 | 8.0 | 94; 33 | 7.6 | Metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitor | Oral semaglutide 14 mg QD Liraglutide 1.8 mg QD Placebo |
| PIONEER-9 (Yamada et al.)25 | N = 243, 52 weeks | 59 | 8.2 | 71; 25.9 | 7.6 | Metformin, DPP-4 inhibitor, SGLT-2 inhibitor, AG, SU | Oral semaglutide 3 mg QD Oral semaglutide 7 mg QD Oral semaglutide 14 mg QD Liraglutide 0.9 mg QD Placebo |
| PIONEER-10 (Yabe et al.)26 | N = 458, 57 weeks | 59 | 8.3 | 72; 26.2 | 9.4 | DPP-4 inhibitor, TZD, AG, SU | Oral semaglutide 3 mg QD Oral semaglutide 7 mg QD Oral semaglutide 14 mg QD Dulaglutide 0.75 mg QW |
A1C, hemoglobin A1C; AG, α-glucosidase inhibitor; BID, twice daily; BMI, body mass index; kg, kilogram; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; QD, once daily; QW, once weekly; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione.