Table 1. Characteristics of Adult Latinx Survivors Hospitalized for COVID-19.
| Characteristic | Total, No. (%) (N = 60) |
|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 48 (12) |
| Female | 24 (40) |
| Location | |
| Denver Health | 30 (50) |
| Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital | 30 (50) |
| Preferred interview in Spanish | 54 (90) |
| Socioeconomic | |
| Below high school education | 38 (63) |
| Household income, $ | |
| <25 000 | 12 (38) |
| 25 000-34 999 | 12 (20) |
| 35 000-49 999 | 9 (15) |
| 50 000-74 999 | 6 (10) |
| Married | 23 (38) |
| Residence in low-income area | 60 (100) |
| >4 people in home | 47 (78) |
| >1 bathroom in home | 23 (38) |
| >2 bedrooms in home | 44 (73) |
| >1 person with COVID-19 at home | 50 (83) |
| Type of work | |
| Essential worka | 44 (73) |
| Critical trades (construction, electrician, plumbers, etc) | 20 (33) |
| Agriculture/food production (restaurant, animal and crop production) | 12 (20) |
| Critical retail (grocery stores, hardware stores, mechanics) | 6 (10) |
| Transportation | 2 (3) |
| Health care providers (certified nurse and medical assistants) | 3 (5) |
| Childcare | 1 (2) |
| Other | 2 (3) |
| Unemployed | 14 (23) |
| Employment characteristics (n = 46) | |
| Ability to work from home | 4 (9) |
| Received sick leave | 12 (26) |
| Use of personal protective equipment at work | 32 (70) |
| Employer informed of COVID-19 diagnosis | 37 (80) |
| Lost job due to COVID-19 | 21 (46) |
| Type of transportation | |
| Public | 20 (33) |
| Private | 40 (67) |
| Insurance type | |
| DFAP/Healthy San Franciscob | 18 (30) |
| Emergency Medicaid | 18 (30) |
| Medicaid | 19 (32) |
| Medicare | 2 (3) |
| Commercial | 2 (3) |
| Clinical | |
| Symptoms on admission | |
| Cough | 47 (78) |
| Shortness of breath | 44 (73) |
| Abdominal pain | 12 (20) |
| Diarrhea | 18 (30) |
| Myalgia | 26 (43) |
| Dysgeusia | 4 (7) |
| Anosmia | 8 (13) |
| Flu shot received in the past year | 19 (32) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | |
| <30 | 27 (45) |
| 30-34.9 | 18 (30) |
| ≥35 | 15 (25) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes | 23 (38) |
| Hypertension | 18 (30) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 2 (7) |
| Chronic lung disease | 6 (2) |
| Hospital course | |
| Hospital length of stay, mean (SD) d | 8 (10) |
| Intensive care unit stay | 17 (28) |
| Intensive care unit, length of stay, mean (SD) d | 17 (28) |
| Intubated | 10 (17) |
| ARDS | 13 (22) |
| Acute kidney failurec | 3 (5) |
| Acute liver injuryd | 1 (2) |
| Co-infection with bacterial pneumonia | 5 (8) |
| Disposition | |
| Home | 48 (80) |
| Hotel | 10 (17) |
| Other | 2 (3) |
| Discharged with oxygen | 10 (17) |
Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DFAP, Denver Health Financial Assistance Program.
Essential workers are considered essential at the state level, which required they continue to show up to work during the different phases of the restrictions states implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.32,33
DFAP provides hospital coverage for undocumented Denver residents; Healthy San Francisco provides health coverage for undocumented San Francisco residents.
Acute kidney injury defined as increase in serum creatinine by 0.3mg/dL or more (>26.5 μmol/L; to convert creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4) within 48 hours or increase in serum creatinine up to 1.5 times or more baseline within prior 7 days compared with preceding 1 year of data in acute medical records.
Acute liver injury defined as an elevation of aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase of more than 15 times the upper limit of normal.