Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19
| Total | Non-severe | Severe | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 77 | n = 54 (70.1%) | n = 23 (29.9%) | ||
| Age (years) | 56 (43.5, 63) | 50 (38.8, 60.0) | 62 (60.0, 69.0) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 38 (49.4%) | 26 (41.8%) | 12 (52.2%) | 0.746 |
| Female | 39 (50.6%) | 28 (51.9%) | 11 (47.8%) | |
| Comorbidities | 31 (40.3%) | 12 (22.2%) | 19 (82.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (13%) | 0.024 |
| Hypertension | 17 (22.1%) | 7 (13%) | 10 (43.5%) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (6.5%) | 2 (3.7%) | 3 (13%) | 0.148 |
| Heart disease | 5 (6.5%) | 1 (1.9%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.016 |
| Kidney disease | 2 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.086 |
| Tumor | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.701 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (3.9%) | 1 (1.9%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.211 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 75 (97.4%) | 52 (96.3%) | 23 (100%) | 0.489 |
| Cough | 68 (88.3%) | 47 (87.0%) | 21 (91.3%) | 0.584 |
| Lower extremity vein thrombosis | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.299 |
| Headache | 4 (5.2%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (13%) | 0.055 |
| Dizziness | 9 (11.7%) | 5 (9.3%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.324 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 11 (14.3%) | 7 (13.0%) | 4 (17.4%) | 0.617 |
| Myalgia | 18 (23.4%) | 10 (18.5%) | 8 (34.8%) | 0.147 |
| CK > 200 U/L | 4 (5.2%) | 3 (5.6%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.824 |
| Trigeminal neuralgia | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.511 |
| Tremor | 2 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.086 |
| Numbness | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.299 |
| Restless leg syndrome | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.701 |
| Hyposmia | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.299 |
| Hallucinations | 1 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.299 |
| Suicidal ideation | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.511 |
| Paranoia | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.498 |
| Agitation and aggression | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.701 |
| Insomnia | 45 (58.4%) | 28 (51.9%) | 17 (73.9%) | 0.072 |
| Anxiety and depression | n = 65 | n = 44 | n = 21 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GAD-7 | 5.11 ± 4.54 | 4.59 ± 3.97 | 6.19 ± 5.50 | 0.186 |
| 5–9 points | 24 (36.9%) | 16 (36.4%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0.892 |
| 10–14 points | 7 (10.8%) | 4 (9.1%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.536 |
| 15–27 points | 3 (4.6%) | 1 (2.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.242 |
| PHQ-9 | 5.80 ± 4.99 | 4.84 ± 4.59 | 7.81 ± 5.30 | 0.024 |
| 5–9 points | 13 (20.0%) | 9 (20.5%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.894 |
| 10–14 points | 14 (21.5%) | 4 (9.1%) | 10 (47.6%) | 0.001 |
| 15–27 points | 4 (6.2%) | 3 (6.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.742 |
| Anxious state | 34 (52.3%) | 21 (47.7%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.283 |
| Depressive state | 31 (47.7%) | 16 (36.4%) | 15 (71.4%) | 0.008 |