Table 5.
Multidrug resistance profile of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples at the three Referral Hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia; 2017–2018
| Antibiogram pattern | Bacterial isolates | Total, N = 141 (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. coli | Klebsiella spp. | Proteus spp. | Enterobacter spp. | Citrobacter spp. | P. aeruginosa | Providencia spp. | Salmonella spp | Othersa | ||
| All drug sensitive | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | ||||||
| AMP, AUG (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| AMP, SXT (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, GEN (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, SXT (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| AMP, FEP, FOX (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, TET, FOX (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, FEP, FOX (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, CHL, FEP (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, TET, CRO, FOX (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, SXT, FOX (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, FEP, CFM, FOX (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, SXT, FOX, CAZ (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, AUG, SXT, CFM, CAZ (Not MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| AMP, SXT, TET (MDR) | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| AMP, CHL, GEN (MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| SXT, TET, CRO (MDR) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Resistant to 4–12 antibiotics (others MDR) | 36 | 33 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 116 |
| Total Non MDR isolates | 7 (15.2) | 4(10.5) | 1(7.7) | 2(15.4) | 2 (16.7) | – | – | 1(33.3) | 3(75) | 20 (14.2) |
| Total MDR-isolates | 39 (84.8) | 34 (89.5) | 12(92.3) | 11 (84.6) | 10 (83.3) | 6(100) | 6(100) | 2 (66.7) | 1(25.0) | 121 (85.8) |
| Total (MDR + Non-MDR) | 46 (100) | 38 (100) | 13 (100) | 13 (100) | 12 (100) | 6 (100) | 6 (100) | 3 (100) | 4 (100) | 141 (100) |
Amp ampicillin, AMC amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, SXT cotrimoxazole, TET tetracycline, CIP ciprofloxacin, CHL chloramphenicol, GEN gentamycin, FEP cefepime, CFM cefixime, FOX cefoxitin, CRO ceftriaxone, CAZ ceftazidime
MDR = isolates resistant to 3 or more antibiotics classes (The antibiotic classes used in this table are Penicillin and Cephalosporins (beta-lactam drugs), Fluoroquinolones, Sulphonamides, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Aminoglycosides)
Others a Morganella sp. (n = 1), Shigella spp. (n = 2), and Moraxella sp. (n = 1)