Table 2.
Comparing Daily Dual Users to Other Offspring
| Daily Dual Use | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 62) | No (n = 438) | p | |
| Age (yrs) (mean) | 22.7 | 22.7 | N.S. |
| Male (%) | 64.5 | 44.1 | < 0.01 |
| White (%) | 25.8 | 44.1 | < 0.01 |
| Prenatal cigarette exposure (%) | 53.2 | 53.2 | N.S. |
| Early cigarette use (%) (≤ 13 years old) | 33.9 | 37.9 | N.S. |
| Prenatal cannabis exposure (%) | 54.8 | 40.4 | < 0.05 |
| Early cannabis use (%) (≤ 14 years) | 59.7 | 31.3 | < 0.001 |
| Prenatal alcohol exposure (%) | 16.5 | 14.4 | < 0.05 |
| Impulsivity (age 14) | |||
| Learning and memory scores (age 14) | 84.0 | 89.9 | < 0.01 |
| Externalizing behavior problems (age 14) | 57.0 | 52.6 | < 0.01 |
| Had a child by age 22(%) | 50.0 | 34.0 | < 0.01 |
| Unemployed at age 22 (%) | 59.7 | 36.8 | < 0.001 |
| Ever arrested by age 22 (%) | 75.8 | 30.6 | < 0.001 |
| Current binge-drinking, age 22 (5+ drinks/occasion) | 74.2 | 60.0 | < 0.05 |
| Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD)a by age 22 (%) | 36.2 | 14.6 | < 0.001 |
| Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD)a by age 22 (%) | 31.0 | 10.7 | < 0.001 |
| Tobacco dependent at age 22 (FTND > 4)b (%) | 17.7 | 8.7 | < 0.05 |
Notes.
a
AUD and CUD were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) for DSM-IV.
b
Nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND).