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. 2021 Mar 12;18:11. doi: 10.1186/s12987-021-00248-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — a Simultaneous recordings of CSF pressure wave (upper trace) and EKG (lower trace) from an anesthetized, horizontal, Alligator mississippiensis. This 10 s segment is a portion of a 30 s trial pulled out to represent the size, shape, and temporal patterns of "typical" CSF pulsations in Alligator. b Simultaneous recordings of CSF pressure wave (upper trace) and EKG (lower trace) from an anesthetized, horizontal, A. mississippiensis exhibiting tachycardia. Note that compared to CSF pulsations at lower heart rates (a), these CSF pulses occur sooner after the R peak, are shorter in duration, and appear to "piggy back" on the diastolic slope of earlier pulses. c Influence of orthostatic gradient on CSF pulsations in A. mississippiensis. Upper traces are CSF pressures recorded during two 15° rotations in opposite directions; note that both traces start at 0 on the Y axis. Two series of terminal pulsations were taken from the end of the trials (indicated by the black vertical lines). The CSF pulsations and simultaneous EKG recordings from the head down rotation are shown in the middle of the figure, those from the head up rotation are shown in the bottom of the figure. Note the different scales used for the CSF pulsations from the head up and head down rotations