Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patient cohort
| Variables | Total cohort (N=492) |
Severe IMR group (N=202) |
Moderate IMR group (N=290) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ±SD or No. (%) |
Mean ±SD or No. (%) |
Mean ±SD or No. (%) |
||
| Age, years | 66.3 ±10.4 | 68.4 ±9.8 | 64.8 ±10.5 | 0.0001 |
| Male gender | 328 (66.7) | 127 (62.9) | 201 (69.3) | 0.14 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.9 ±0.3 | 1.9 ±0.2 | 2.0 ±0.3 | 0.03 |
| Medical and surgical history | ||||
| Diabetes | 205 (41.8) | 71 (35.3) | 134 (46.2) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 405 (82.3) | 162 (80.2) | 243 (83.8) | 0.30 |
| Renal insufficiency | 103 (21) | 54 (26.7) | 49 (17) | 0.009 |
| Myocardial infarction | 343 (69.7) | 150 (74.3) | 193 (66.6) | 0.07 |
| Heart Failure | 293 (59.6) | 141 (69.8) | 152 (52.4) | 0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 108 (22) | 58 (28.7) | 50 (17.4) | 0.003 |
| Permanent Pacemaker or ICD | 60 (12.2) | 36 (17.8) | 24 (8.3) | 0.002 |
| Echocardiography data | ||||
| LV ejection fraction, % | 40.4 ±11.3 | 40.8 ±11.6 | 40.2 ±11.2 | 0.53 |
| LVESVI, mL/m2 | 60.3 ± 26.0 | 64.2 ±26.3 | 57.6 ±25.5 | 0.006 |
| MR effective regurgitant orifice area, cm2 | 0.29 ±0.14 | 0.39 ±0.15 | 0.23 ±0.09 | <.0001 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation | <.0001 | |||
| None/Trace | 297 (60.4) | 97 (48) | 200 (69.0) | |
| Mild | 153 (31.1) | 79 (39.1) | 74 (25.5) | |
| Moderate | 42 (8.5) | 26 (12.9) | 16 (5.5) | |
| Tricuspid annular diameter, mm | 38.3 ±5.2 | 38.2 ±5.5 | 38.3 ±5.1 | 0.88 |
| Tricuspid annular Index (mm/m2 BSA) | 20.3 ±3 | 20.5 ±3 | 20.1 ±2.9 | 0.09 |
| TAPSE, mm | 16.8 ±3.8 | 16.4 ±3.7 | 17 ±3.9 | 0.11 |
| RV fractional area change, % | 42.4 ±8.5 | 42.2 ±7.8 | 42.6 ±9 | 0.63 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation peak velocity, cm/s | 293.1 ±54.5 | 305 ±49 | 283.7 ±56.8 | 0.0002 |
| Operative data | ||||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min | 136.5 ±54.6 | 139.8 ±47.3 | 134.3 ±59.2 | 0.25 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time, min | 98.2 ±40.8 | 101.2 ±39.6 | 96.1 ±41.6 | 0.17 |
| MV Repair | 246 (50) | 97 (48) | 149 (51.4) | 0.46 |
| MV Replacement | 106 (21.5) | 105 (52) | 1 (0.3) | <.0001 |
| CABG | 448 (91.1) | 158 (78.2) | 290 (100) | <.0001 |
| Surgical AF ablation | 42 (8.5) | 22 (10.9) | 20 (6.9) | 0.12 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; BSA, body surface area; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; IMR, ischemic mitral regurgitation; LV, left ventricle; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; RV, right ventricle; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.