Table 4.

Target behaviors categorized by COM-B components and TDF domains

COM-B component	TDF domain	Target behavior
Capability
Physical capability	Skills	Barriers: - Lack of skills needed to cook healthy food - Lack of skills needed to follow instructions for healthy lifestyle choices
Psychological capability	Knowledge	Barriers: - Lack of professional information about the risks of obesity - Lack of concrete counseling on how to eat or exercise - Lack of consistent ways to broach the weight management topic
	Memory, attention and decision processes	Barrier: - Overweight as a feature of women’s identity Facilitator: - Individual weight management counseling Facilitator or barrier: - Previous experiences with weight management
	Behavioral regulation	Facilitator: - Utilizing information from health technology (smart wearables) in antenatal visits
Opportunity
Physical opportunity	Environmental context and resources	Barriers: - Pregnancy related physical discomfort - Lack of time during antenatal visits - Lack of postnatal counseling
Social opportunity	Social influences	Barrier: - Lack of perinatal peer-support groups Facilitators: - Support from partners and family - Peer support
Motivation
Automatic motivation	Reinforcement	Facilitators: - Motivating counseling - Positive feedback - Encouragement to make small changes - Asking questions and listening Facilitator or barrier: - Tone of voice
	Emotions	Barriers: - Despair and feelings of shame - Denial and defense reactions - Low self-esteem - Psychological reasons for eating Facilitator: - Discreet counseling
Reflective motivation	Social/professional role and identity	Barriers: - Conflict: Public health nurses’ self-described role as advisors, which conflicted with women’s expectation of a robust stance and professional counseling - Overweight women’s reluctance to take responsibility for their actions
	Beliefs about capability	Barriers: - Difficult to change lifestyle - Women’s inability to lose weight in the past despite their efforts - Other problems in women’s lives that affect their capabilities - Lack of desire to change their lifestyle on the part of some women Facilitator: - Mapping the women’s life situations
	Beliefs about consequences	Barriers: - Pregnancy as an excuse - Belief that women can eat anything they want while breastfeeding - Public health nurses’ duty to defend and protect the unborn baby Facilitators: - Unborn child as a source of motivation - Positive effects of breastfeeding
	Optimism	Facilitator: - Women’s belief that they could exercise after birth just as they did before pregnancy
	Intentions	Barrier: - Willingness to change but a lack of motivation to make concrete changes Facilitator: - Intentions to change lifestyle after the baby’s birth
	Goals	Barrier: - Paternalistic goals made by public health nurses Facilitator: - Goals made in collaboration with public health nurses