Table 1.
Selected study participant characteristics by sleep apnea severity (n = 719).
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 719, 100%) | REI ≥ 15 (n = 272, 38%) | REI < 15 (n = 447, 62%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 242 (33.7%) | 110 (40.4%) | 132 (29.5%) | .003 |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 63.2 ± 10.7 | 64.5 ± 10.3 | 62.5 ± 10.9 | .029 |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 32.2 ± 7.0 | 34.7 ± 7.3 | 30.6 ± 6.4 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 106.2 ± 16.3 | 112.5 ± 15.7 | 102.4 ± 15.4 | <.001 |
| Neck circumference (cm), mean ± SD | 38.6 ± 4.1 | 40.2 ± 4.3 | 37.7 ± 3.6 | <.001 |
| Sleep patterns | ||||
| Average sleep duration (h), mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.4 | .315 |
| Naps (≥once a week), n (%) | 409 (56.9%) | 173 (63.6%) | 236 (52.8%) | .005 |
| Restless or very restless sleep, n (%) | 127 (17.7%) | 58 (21.3%) | 69 (15.4%) | .045 |
| Multiple awakenings at night, n (%) | 266 (37.0%) | 106 (39.0%) | 160 (35.8%) | .392 |
| Sleep quality symptoms | ||||
| Trouble falling asleep, n (%) | 124 (17.3%) | 42 (15.4%) | 82 (18.3%) | .318 |
| Sleep apnea symptoms | ||||
| Snoring, n (%) | <.001 | |||
| ≥3 times a week | 273 (38.0%) | 134 (49.3%) | 139 (31.1%) | |
| <3 times a week | 257 (35.7%) | 87 (32.0%) | 170 (38.0%) | |
| Don’t know | 189 (26.3%) | 51 (18.7%) | 138 (30.9%) | |
| Witnessed apneas (≥3 times a week), n (%) | 32 (4.5%) | 18 (6.6%) | 14 (3.1%) | .028 |
| Sleepiness (ESS > 10), n (%) | 148 (20.6%) | 61 (22.4%) | 87 (19.5%) | .341 |
| Medical conditions | ||||
| High depressive symptoms (CESD-20 ≥ 16), n (%) | 131 (18.2%) | 44 (16.2%) | 87 (19.5%) | .268 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 612 (85.1%) | 241 (88.6%) | 371 (83.0%) | .041 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 197 (27.4%) | 92 (33.8%) | 105 (23.5%) | .003 |
| History of heart diseases, n (%) | 43 (6.0%) | 19 (7.0%) | 24 (5.4%) | .376 |
BMI = body mass index, CESD = Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, REI = respiratory event index.